Raporo y’isoko ry’ingufu DG Raporo y’ingufu ivuga ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’ikirere cyiza ari byo bintu bibiri by’ingenzi bigenda byiyongera ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu Burayi mu 2020. Icyakora, abo bashoferi bombi bari badasanzwe cyangwa ibihe.
Inzira nyamukuru ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu Burayi zirimo:
Kugabanuka k'umuriro w'amashanyarazi
Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi ashobora kongera ingufu ndetse no kugabanuka kw'amashanyarazi akomoka kuri fosile mu 2020, urwego rw'amashanyarazi rwashoboye kugabanya ikirenge cya karuboni ku kigero cya 14% muri 2020. Kugabanuka kw'ikirenge cya karuboni mu murenge muri 2020 bisa n'ibigaragara. muri 2019 mugihe guhinduranya lisansi aricyo kintu cyingenzi cyateye decarbonisation.
Nyamara, abashoferi benshi muri 2020 bari badasanzwe cyangwa ibihe (icyorezo, imbeho ishyushye, muremure
kubyara hydro).Icyakora, ikinyuranyo giteganijwe mu 2021, mu gihe amezi ya mbere ya 2021 afite ubukonje bukabije, umuvuduko ukabije w’umuyaga n’ibiciro bya gaze hejuru, iterambere ryerekana ko imyuka ya karuboni n’uburemere bw’umuriro w'amashanyarazi bishobora kwiyongera.
Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urateganya guca burundu urwego rw’amashanyarazi mu 2050 binyuze mu gushyiraho politiki y’ingoboka nka gahunda y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Amabwiriza y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa n’amategeko yerekeye ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu nganda.
Nk’uko ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibitangaza ngo Uburayi bwagabanyije kabiri ingufu z’umuriro wa karuboni mu mwaka wa 2019 guhera ku rwego rwa 1990.
Impinduka mu gukoresha ingufu
Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wagabanutseho -4% kubera ko inganda nyinshi zidakoraga ku buryo bwuzuye mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2020. Nubwo benshi mu baturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagumye mu rugo, bivuze ko kwiyongera kw’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutura, kwiyongera kw’imiryango ntibishobora guhinduka igwa mu zindi nzego z'ubukungu.
Ariko, mugihe ibihugu byavuguruye imipaka ya COVID-19, gukoresha ingufu mugihembwe cya 4 byari hafi y "urwego rusanzwe" ugereranije nigihembwe cya mbere cya 2020.
Ubwiyongere bw'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020 nabwo bwatewe ahanini n'ubushyuhe bukonje ugereranije na 2019.
Kwiyongera kubisabwa kuri EV
Mu gihe amashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo gutwara abantu yiyongera, icyifuzo cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyiyongereye muri 2020 hamwe n’igice cya miliyoni miriyoni nshya ziyandikishije mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020. Uyu wari imibare iri hejuru cyane kandi wahinduwe ku mugabane w’isoko utigeze ubaho 17%, urenze inshuro ebyiri hejuru y'Ubushinwa naho inshuro esheshatu ugereranije na Amerika.
Icyakora, ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi gishinzwe ibidukikije (EEA) kivuga ko kwiyandikisha kwa EV byagabanutse mu 2020 ugereranije na 2019. EEA ivuga ko mu 2019, iyandikwa ry’imodoka ry’amashanyarazi ryegereye hafi 550 000, rimaze kugera kuri 300 000 muri 2018.
Impinduka mu mbaraga z’akarere zivanze no kwiyongera kubyara ingufu zishobora kubaho
Raporo ivuga ko imiterere y’uruvange rw’ingufu z’akarere rwahindutse mu 2020.
Bitewe n’ikirere cyiza, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zari nyinshi cyane kandi Uburayi bwashoboye kwagura ibikorwa by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ku buryo ibivugururwa (39%) byarenze umugabane w’ibicanwa biva mu kirere (36%) ku nshuro ya mbere mu ngufu z’Uburayi vanga.
Kuzamuka kw'ibisekuru bishobora kuvugururwa byafashijwe cyane na 29 GW yo kongera ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga muri 2020, ugereranije n'urwego rwa 2019.Nubwo byahungabanije imiyoboro y’umuyaga n’izuba bigatuma umushinga utinda, icyorezo nticyadindije cyane kwaguka kw’ibinyabuzima.
Mubyukuri, amakara y’amashanyarazi na lignite yagabanutseho 22% (-87 TWh) naho umusaruro wa kirimbuzi wagabanutseho 11% (-79 TWh).Ku rundi ruhande, ingufu za gaze ntizagize ingaruka zikomeye ku biciro byiza byongereye ingufu amakara kuri gaze na lignite kuri gaze.
Ikiruhuko cyokubyara ingufu zamakara kirakomera
Mugihe icyerekezo cya tekinoloji yibanda cyane kigenda cyiyongera ndetse n’ibiciro bya karubone bikazamuka, hamenyekanye ko ikiruhuko cy’amakara hakiri kare.Ibikorwa by’uburayi biteganijwe ko bizakomeza kuva mu kubyara ingufu z’amakara mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego zikomeye zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kandi mu gihe bagerageza kwitegura guhangana n’ubucuruzi bw’ejo hazaza bateganya ko bushingiye kuri karuboni nkeya.
Kongera ibiciro by'amashanyarazi menshi
Mu mezi ashize, amafaranga ahenze y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya gaze, byatumye ibiciro by’amashanyarazi menshi ku masoko menshi yo mu Burayi bigera ku nzego ziheruka kugaragara mu ntangiriro za 2019. Ingaruka zagaragaye cyane mu bihugu biterwa n’amakara na lignite.Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi menshi biteganijwe ko byungururwa kugeza kubicuruzwa.
Ubwiyongere bw’igurisha ryihuse mu murenge wa EVS bwaherekejwe no kwagura ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza.Umubare w'amashanyarazi akomeye kuri kilometero 100 z'umuhanda wazamutse uva kuri 12 ugera kuri 20 muri 2020.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-01-2021