Nk’uko raporo y’ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ingufu DG Energy ibivuga, icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’ikirere cyiza ni byo bintu bibiri by’ingenzi byatumye isoko ry’amashanyarazi ryiyongera mu Burayi mu 2020. Ariko, ibyo bintu bibiri byari bidasanzwe cyangwa byari ibihe.
Ibyerekezo by'ingenzi ku isoko ry'amashanyarazi mu Burayi birimo:
Igabanuka ry'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu rwego rw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi
Kubera ubwiyongere bw’ingufu zikomoka ku bimera bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ndetse no kugabanuka kw’ingufu zikomoka ku bimera mu mwaka wa 2020, urwego rw’ingufu rwashoboye kugabanya ubwiyongere bwa karuboni ku kigero cya 14% mu 2020. Kugabanuka kw’ubwiyongere bwa karuboni mu mwaka wa 2020 bisa n’ibyagaragaye mu 2019 ubwo guhinduranya lisansi byari impamvu nyamukuru y’icyerekezo cyo gukuraho karuboni mu bimera.
Ariko, abashoferi benshi mu 2020 bari badasanzwe cyangwa mu bihe by'izuba (icyorezo, ubushyuhe bw'imbeho, n'ibiza byinshi).
Gukoresha amazi). Ariko, ibinyuranye n’ibyo biteganijwe mu 2021, mu mezi ya mbere ya 2021 hazaba hari ubukonje bukabije, umuvuduko w’umuyaga uri hasi n’ibiciro bya gazi biri hejuru, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’ubukana bw’urwego rw’ingufu bishobora kwiyongera.
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi uri mu ntego yo gukuraho burundu urwego rw’ingufu mu 2050 binyuze mu gushyiraho politiki zishyigikira nka gahunda y’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya EU, amabwiriza y’ingufu zisubira hamwe n’amategeko arebana n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu nganda.
Nk’uko Ikigo cy’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi kibitangaza, u Burayi bwagabanyije kimwe cya kabiri imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya karuboni mu rwego rw’ingufu mu 2019 ugereranyije n’icyiciro cyo mu 1990.
Impinduka mu ikoreshwa ry'ingufu
Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ryagabanutseho -4% kuko inganda nyinshi zitakoze neza mu gice cya mbere cya 2020. Nubwo abenshi mu batuye mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bagumye mu ngo zabo, bivuze ko ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu ngo zabo ryiyongereye, kwiyongera kw’ikenerwa ry’ingo ntikwashoboraga gusubiza inyuma igabanuka ry’ingufu mu zindi nzego z’ubukungu.
Ariko, ubwo ibihugu byongeye kuvugurura amabwiriza ya COVID-19, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihembwe cya kane ryari ryegereye "urwego rusanzwe" ugereranyije n'ibihembwe bitatu bya mbere bya 2020.
Ukwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020 nabyo byatewe n'ubukonje bukabije ugereranije n'umwaka wa 2019.
Ubwiyongere bw'abakeneye imodoka za EV
Uko amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu arushaho kwiyongera, icyifuzo cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyariyongereye mu 2020, aho hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyoni cyinjiye mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020. Uyu ni wo mubare munini cyane wahinduwe isoko ritigeze ribaho rya 17%, rikubye kabiri ugereranyije n'iry'Ubushinwa n'inshuro esheshatu ugereranyije n'irya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ariko, Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe Ibidukikije (EEA) kivuga ko umubare w’imodoka za EV wari hasi mu 2020 ugereranije n’uwa 2019. EEA ivuga ko mu 2019, umubare w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi wari hafi 550.000, ukaba warageze ku bihumbi 300 mu 2018.
Impinduka mu ruvange rw'ingufu mu karere no kwiyongera kw'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa
Raporo ivuga ko imiterere y’ingufu zo mu karere yahindutse mu 2020.
Bitewe n’ikirere cyiza, ingufu zikomoka ku mazi zari nyinshi cyane, bityo Uburayi bwashoboye kwagura ingufu zikomoka ku mazi ku buryo ingufu zikomoka ku mazi (39%) zarenze umugabane w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli (36%) ku nshuro ya mbere mu muryango w’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Izamuka ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ryafashijwe cyane n’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’umuyaga zongewemo 29 GW mu 2020, ibi bikaba bigereranywa n’urwego rwo mu 2019. Nubwo byahungabanyije imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’umuyaga bigatuma imishinga itinda, icyorezo nticyadindije cyane iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Mu by’ukuri, ingufu zikomoka ku makara na lignite zagabanutseho 22% (-87 TWh) naho umusaruro wa kirimbuzi wagabanukaho 11% (-79 TWh). Ku rundi ruhande, ingufu zikomoka ku gaze ntizagize ingaruka zikomeye bitewe n’ibiciro byiza byatumye habaho kwiyongera kw’ihindagurika ry’amakara kuva kuri gaze kugeza kuri lignite.
Guhagarika ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'amakara birarushaho kwiyongera
Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imyuka ihumanya ikirere rigenda rirushaho kwiyongera ndetse n'ibiciro bya karuboni bikiyongera, hatangajwe ko hagiye guhagarara amakara hakiri kare. Amasosiyete y'ubucuruzi mu Burayi yitezweho gukomeza kuva mu kubyaza umusaruro ingufu z'amakara mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego zikomeye zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no mu gihe agerageza kwitegura ubucuruzi bw'ejo hazaza ateganya ko buzaba bushingiye ku bushobozi buke bwo gukoresha karuboni.
Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi ku bucuruzi bunini
Mu mezi ashize, amafaranga ahenze yo kohereza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya lisansi, byatumye ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ku masoko menshi y’i Burayi bizamuka ku rugero rwagaragaye bwa nyuma mu ntangiriro za 2019. Ingaruka zagaragaye cyane mu bihugu bishingiye ku makara n’amashanyarazi. Biteganijwe ko ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ku isoko bizamuka bikagera no ku giciro cy’ubucuruzi.
Izamuka ryihuta ry’ibicuruzwa mu rwego rw’imodoka za EV ryaherekejwe no kwaguka kw’ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya. Umubare w’ahantu ho gushyushya ingufu nyinshi kuri kilometero 100 z’imihanda wavuye kuri 12 ugera kuri 20 muri 2020.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-01-2021