Imifanekiso yobushushu yindlela elula yokuchonga umahluko obonakalayo wobushushu kwiisekethe zombane zemizi-mveliso ezinamanqanaba amathathu, xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zazo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. Ngokuhlola umahluko wobushushu kuzo zonke izigaba ezintathu ecaleni, iingcali zinokubona ngokukhawuleza ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwimilenze nganye ngenxa yokungalingani okanye ukugqithisa kakhulu.
Ukungalingani kombane kudla ngokubangelwa yimithwalo eyahlukeneyo yesigaba kodwa kusenokubangelwa ziingxaki zezixhobo ezifana noqhagamshelo oluphezulu lokumelana. Ukungalingani okuncinci kwevolthi enikezelwa kwimoto kuya kubangela ukungalingani okukhulu komsinga okuya kuvelisa ubushushu obongezelelweyo kwaye kunciphise i-torque kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukungalingani okukhulu kunokuqhumisa i-fuse okanye kukhubekise i-breaker okubangela ukuphasa okukodwa kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nako ezifana nokufudumeza kwemoto kunye nomonakalo.
Enyanisweni, akunakwenzeka ukulinganisela ngokupheleleyo ii-voltage kwiinqanaba ezintathu. Ukunceda abaqhubi bezixhobo ukuba bamisele amanqanaba afanelekileyo okungalingani, iNational Electrical
Umbutho wabenzi (i-NEMA) ubhale iinkcukacha zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziseko ziluncedo xa kuthelekiswa ngexesha lokulungiswa nokulungiswa kweengxaki.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyijonge?
Thatha imifanekiso yobushushu yazo zonke iiphaneli zombane kunye nezinye iindawo zoqhagamshelo olunomthwalo ophezulu ezifana needrive, ii-disconnect, ii-controls njalo njalo. Apho ufumana khona amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, landela loo circuit kwaye ujonge amasebe kunye nemithwalo enxulumene nayo.
Jonga iiphaneli kunye nezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo nezigqubuthelo zivaliwe. Okona kulungileyo, kufuneka ujonge izixhobo zombane xa zishushu ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikwimeko ezinzileyo ubuncinane i-40% yomthwalo oqhelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, imilinganiselo inokuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ithelekiswe neemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo.
Yintoni omawuyijonge?
Umthwalo olinganayo kufuneka ulingane namaqondo obushushu alinganayo. Kwimeko yomthwalo ongalinganiyo, izigaba ezithwele kakhulu ziya kubonakala zifudumele kunezinye, ngenxa yobushushu obuveliswa kukumelana. Nangona kunjalo, umthwalo ongalinganiyo, ukugqithiswa kakhulu, uqhagamshelo olubi, kunye nomcimbi we-harmonic zonke zinokwenza ipateni efanayo. Ukulinganisa umthwalo wombane kuyadingeka ukuze kufunyanwe ingxaki.
Isekethe okanye umlenze opholileyo kunoqhelekileyo unokubonisa ukuba icandelo aliphumelelanga.
Yinkqubo efanelekileyo ukwenza indlela yokuhlola rhoqo equka zonke iintambo zombane eziphambili. Usebenzisa isoftware eza ne-thermal imager, gcina umfanekiso ngamnye owuthatha kwikhompyutha kwaye ulandelele imilinganiselo yakho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nemifanekiso yokuqala onokuyithelekisa nemifanekiso yamva nje. Le nkqubo iya kukunceda ubone ukuba indawo eshushu okanye epholileyo ayiqhelekanga na. Emva kwesenzo sokulungisa, imifanekiso emitsha iya kukunceda ubone ukuba ukulungiswa kube yimpumelelo na.
Yintoni emele "isilumkiso esibomvu?"
Ukulungiswa kufanele kubekwe phambili kukhuseleko kuqala—oko kukuthi, iimeko zezixhobo ezibeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko—kulandelwe bubunzima bezixhobo kunye nomlinganiselo wokunyuka kobushushu. I-NETA (InterNational Electrical)
Izikhokelo ze-Testing Association) zibonisa ukuba amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-1°C ngaphezu kwemozulu kunye ne-1°C ephezulu kunezixhobo ezifanayo ezinomthwalo ofanayo anokubonisa ukusilela okunokwenzeka okufuna uphando.
Imigangatho ye-NEMA (i-NEMA MG1-12.45) ilumkisa malunga nokusebenzisa nayiphi na imoto kwi-voltage engalinganiyo edlula ipesenti enye. Enyanisweni, i-NEMA icebisa ukuba iimoto zinganyanzelwa ukuba zisebenze kwi-voltage engalinganiyo ephezulu. Iipesenti ze-safe unbalance ziyahluka kwezinye izixhobo.
Ukusilela kwenjini sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo sokungalingani kwe-voltage. Iindleko zizonke zidibanisa iindleko zemoto, umsebenzi ofunekayo ukutshintsha imoto, iindleko zemveliso ezilahliweyo ngenxa yemveliso engalinganiyo, ukusebenza komgca kunye nengeniso elahlekileyo ngexesha umgca uphantsi.
Izenzo zokulandelela
Xa umfanekiso wobushushu ubonisa ukuba umqhubi wonke ushushu kunezinye izinto kuyo yonke inxalenye yesekethe, umqhubi unokuba mncinci okanye agqithise kakhulu. Jonga umlinganiselo womqhubi kunye nomthwalo wokwenyani ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni na. Sebenzisa i-multimeter enesixhobo sokubamba, imitha yokubamba okanye i-analyzer yomgangatho wamandla ukujonga ibhalansi yangoku kunye nokulayisha kwisigaba ngasinye.
Kwicala le-voltage, jonga ukhuseleko kunye neswitchgear ukuze ubone ukuba i-voltage iyawa na. Ngokubanzi, i-voltage yomgca kufuneka ibe ngaphakathi kwe-10% yereyithingi ye-nameplate. I-voltage engathathi cala ukuya emhlabeni ingaba luphawu lokuba inkqubo yakho ilayishwe kangakanani okanye ingaba luphawu lwe-harmonic current. I-voltage engathathi cala ukuya emhlabeni engaphezulu kwe-3% ye-voltage eqhelekileyo kufuneka iqalise uphando olongezelelekileyo. Kwakhona cinga ukuba imithwalo iyatshintsha, kwaye isigaba sinokuhla ngequbuliso kakhulu ukuba umthwalo omkhulu wesigaba esinye ungena kwi-intanethi.
Ukwehla kwevolthi kwiifusi nakwiiswitshi nako kunokubonakala njengokungalingani kwimoto kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo kwindawo yengxaki yeengcambu. Ngaphambi kokuba ucinge ukuba unobangela ufunyenwe, jonga kabini imilinganiselo yamandla obushushu kunye nemitha emininzi okanye imitha ye-clamp. Akukho zisekethe ze-feeder okanye ze-branch ekufuneka zilayishwe ukuya kuthi ga kumda ophezulu ovumelekileyo.
Ii-equation zomthwalo wesekethe nazo kufuneka zivumele ii-harmonics. Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo sokugqithisa umthwalo kukusasaza imithwalo phakathi kweesekethe, okanye ukulawula xa imithwalo ifika ngexesha lenkqubo.
Kusetyenziswa isoftware enxulumene nayo, ingxaki nganye erhanelwayo etyhilwe nge-thermal imager ingabhalwa kwingxelo equka umfanekiso we-thermal kunye nomfanekiso wedijithali wesixhobo. Leyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunxibelelana ngeengxaki kunye nokucebisa ukulungiswa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-16-2021