Amashusho y'ubushyuhe ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenya itandukaniro rigaragara ry'ubushyuhe mu nganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ibyiciro bitatu, ugereranije n'imiterere yazo isanzwe. Mu gusuzuma itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'ibyiciro byose uko ari bitatu ku ruhande, abatekinisiye bashobora kubona vuba ibibazo by'imikorere ku maguru y'umuntu bitewe no kutubahiriza uburinganire cyangwa kurenza urugero rw'ibintu.
Uburinganire bw'amashanyarazi muri rusange buterwa n'imitwaro itandukanye y'ibyiciro ariko bushobora no guterwa n'ibibazo by'ibikoresho nko guhuza ingufu nyinshi. Uburinganire buke bw'amashanyarazi atangwa kuri moteri butera uburinganire bunini bw'amashanyarazi buzatuma habaho ubushyuhe bwiyongereye kandi bugabanye torque n'imikorere myiza. Uburinganire bukabije bushobora gukurura fuse cyangwa gukubita igikoresho gihagarika umuriro bigatuma habaho icyiciro kimwe n'ibibazo bijyana nabyo nko gushyushya moteri no kwangirika kwayo.
Mu by’ukuri, ntabwo bishoboka kuringaniza neza ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu byiciro bitatu. Kugira ngo abakoresha ibikoresho bamenye urwego rw’ubusumbane rukwiye, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe amashanyarazi
Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibikoresho (NEMA) ryateguye ibipimo ngenderwaho ku bikoresho bitandukanye. Ibi bipimo ngenderwaho ni ingenzi mu kugereranya mu gihe cyo kubungabunga no gukemura ibibazo.
Ni iki cyo kugenzura?
Fata amashusho y'ubushyuhe bw'ibice byose by'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bice bihuza umutwaro mwinshi nka disiki, disconnections, controls n'ibindi. Aho usanze ubushyuhe buri hejuru, kurikira iyo circuit hanyuma urebe amashami n'imitwaro bifitanye isano.
Reba neza amapaneli n'ibindi bihuzwa n'ibipfundikizo. Byaba byiza ugenzuye ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi iyo bishyushye neza kandi biri mu mimerere ihamye nibura 40% by'umutwaro usanzwe. Muri ubwo buryo, ibipimo bishobora gusuzumwa neza no kugereranywa n'imimerere isanzwe yo gukora.
Ni iki wakwitaho?
Umutwaro ungana ugomba kungana n'ubushyuhe bungana. Mu gihe cy'umutwaro utaringaniye, ibyiciro byinshi byuzuyemo ibintu bizagaragara nk'ibishyushye kurusha ibindi, bitewe n'ubushyuhe buterwa no kudakora neza. Ariko, umutwaro utaringaniye, umutwaro mwinshi, isano mbi, n'ikibazo cy'ubuhuza byose bishobora kurema ishusho isa. Gupima umutwaro w'amashanyarazi birakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane ikibazo.
Umuyoboro cyangwa amaguru bikonje kuruta uko bisanzwe bishobora kugaragaza ko igice cyananiwe gukora.
Ni inzira nziza yo gukora inzira isanzwe yo kugenzura irimo amashanyarazi yose y'ingenzi. Ukoresheje porogaramu iza na thermal imager, bika buri shusho ufata kuri mudasobwa kandi ukurikirane ibipimo byawe uko igihe kigenda gihita. Muri ubwo buryo, uzaba ufite amashusho y'ibanze yo kugereranya n'andi mashusho akurikira. Ubu buryo buzagufasha kumenya niba ahantu hashyushye cyangwa hakonje atari hasanzwe. Nyuma yo gukosora, amashusho mashya azagufasha kumenya niba gusana byagenze neza.
Ni iki kigereranya "itangazo ritukura"?
Gusana bigomba gushyirwa imbere y’umutekano mbere na mbere—ni ukuvuga imiterere y’ibikoresho biteza umutekano—hagakurikiraho uburemere bw’ibikoresho n’ingano y’izamuka ry’ubushyuhe. NETA (InterNational Electrical)
Amabwiriza y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ibipimo (Testing Association) agaragaza ko ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 1°C hejuru y’ikirere na 1°C hejuru y’ibikoresho bisa bifite umutwaro usa bishobora kugaragaza ko hari ikibazo gishobora kubura gikenewe gukorwaho iperereza.
Amabwiriza ya NEMA (NEMA MG1-12.45) aburira ko moteri iyo ari yo yose ikoresha voltage irenze kimwe ku ijana. Mu by’ukuri, NEMA isaba ko moteri zigomba gucibwa intege iyo zikoresha voltage irenze kimwe ku ijana. Ijanisha ry’ijanisha ry’ijanisha ry’ijanisha ry’ijanisha riratandukanye ku bindi bikoresho.
Ihungabana rya moteri ni ingaruka ikunze guterwa no kutubahiriza amashanyarazi. Igiciro rusange gihuza ikiguzi cya moteri, abakozi basabwa kugira ngo moteri ihindurwe, ikiguzi cy'umusaruro utakaye bitewe n'umusaruro utaringaniye, imikorere y'umurongo n'amafaranga yatakaye mu gihe umurongo ugabanutse.
Ibikorwa byo gukurikirana
Iyo ishusho y'ubushyuhe igaragaza ko kondakita yose ishyushye kurusha ibindi bice mu gice cy'uruziga, kondakita ishobora kuba ifite ubunini buke cyangwa ikaremererwa cyane. Reba amanota y'kondakita n'umutwaro nyawo kugira ngo umenye uko bimeze. Koresha multimeter ifite icyuma gipima amashanyarazi, icyuma gipima amashanyarazi cyangwa imashini isesengura ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi kugira ngo urebe ubushyuhe n'umutwaro kuri buri cyiciro.
Ku ruhande rw'amashanyarazi, reba uburyo umuriro urinda n'aho unyura kugira ngo urebe niba nta amashanyarazi agabanuka. Muri rusange, ingufu zigomba kuba ziri hagati ya 10% by'ibiciro bya nameplate. Ingufu zitagira aho zigarukira zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uburyo sisitemu yawe ishyizwemo imbaraga cyangwa zikaba ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uhuza ingufu. Ingufu zitagira aho zigarukira zirenze 3% by'amashanyarazi zisanzwe zigomba gutuma habaho iperereza ryinshi. Nanone tekereza ko imizigo ihinduka, kandi icyiciro gishobora kugabanuka cyane mu buryo butunguranye iyo umutwaro munini w'icyiciro kimwe ugeze kuri interineti.
Kugabanuka k'amashanyarazi kuri za fuse na switch nabyo bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidahuye kuri moteri n'ubushyuhe bwinshi aho ikibazo kiri. Mbere yo kwemeza ko icyateye cyabonetse, banza urebe neza ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya thermal imager ndetse n'iry'amashanyarazi ya metero nyinshi cyangwa clamp. Nta mashini zitanga umuriro cyangwa amashami zigomba gushyirwa ku rugero ntarengwa rwemewe.
Ibigereranyo by'imizigo y'uruziga bigomba kandi kwemerera guhuza. Umuti ukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu kurenza urugero ni ugukwirakwiza imizigo mu ruziga, cyangwa gucunga igihe imizigo igeze mu gihe cy'igikorwa.
Ukoresheje porogaramu ijyanye nayo, buri kibazo gikekwaho cyagaragaye hakoreshejwe ifoto y'ubushyuhe gishobora kwandikwa muri raporo irimo ishusho y'ubushyuhe n'ishusho y'ikoranabuhanga y'ibikoresho. Ubwo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kugaragaza ibibazo no gutanga inama zo kubisana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2021