Kuchongiwe ubuchwepheshe bamandla obutsha obufuna uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo ukuze kuvavanywe ukuba busebenza kakuhle na utyalo-mali lwabo lwexesha elide.
Injongo kukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu kunye necandelo lamandla njengoko eyona nxalenye inkulu iphambili yemizamo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweetekhnoloji zokususa iicarbonization ngokomyalelo wazo.
Iiteknoloji eziphambili ezifana nomoya kunye nelanga ngoku zithengiswa kakhulu kodwa iiteknoloji ezintsha zamandla acocekileyo zihlala ziphuhliswa kwaye zisanda. Ngenxa yezibophelelo zokuhlangabezana neSivumelwano saseParis kunye noxinzelelo lokukhupha ezi teknoloji, umbuzo ngulo wokuba ngoobani kwabo basanda kuvela abafuna ingqwalasela kwi-R&D ukuze bamisele amandla abo otyalo-mali lwexesha elide.
Ngenxa yoku, iKomiti eLawulayo yeTekhnoloji yeSivumelwano soTshintsho lweMozulu se-UN (UNFCCC) ichonge ubuchwepheshe obuthandathu obusakhulayo obunokubonelela ngeenzuzo kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ithi kufuneka buziswe kwimarike ngokukhawuleza.
Ezi zezi zilandelayo.
Iitekhnoloji eziphambili zokubonelela ngamandla
I-PV yelanga edadayo ayisiyoteknoloji intsha kodwa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokulungela ubuchwepheshe obuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo buyadityaniswa ngeendlela ezintsha, itsho iKomiti. Umzekelo zizikhephe ezixhonywe phantsi kunye neenkqubo ze-PV zelanga, kubandakanya iiphaneli, iitransmission kunye nee-inverters.
Iindidi ezimbini zamathuba ziboniswa, oko kukuthi xa intsimi yelanga edadayo izimele yodwa kwaye xa ifakelwa okanye yakhiwe ngokutsha ngesixhobo sombane wamanzi njenge-hybrid. I-solar edadayo ikwayilwa ukulandelela ngexabiso elongezelelweyo elincinci kodwa inyuke ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25% yamandla ongezelelweyo.
Umoya ohambahambayo unika amandla okusebenzisa izixhobo zamandla omoya ezifumaneka emanzini anzulu kakhulu kuneenqaba zomoya ezizinzileyo zasolwandle, ezihlala emanzini angama-50m okanye ngaphantsi ubunzulu, nakwiindawo ezinemigangatho yolwandle enzulu kufutshane nonxweme. Umngeni ophambili yinkqubo yokubambelela, apho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zoyilo zifumana utyalo-mali, nokuba zingaphantsi kwamanzi okanye zinamathele phantsi kolwandle kwaye zombini zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki.
Le Komiti ithi uyilo lomoya ohamba ngokudada lukwizinga ezahlukeneyo zokulungela ubuchwepheshe, apho iiturbines ezihamba ngokudada ezithe tye ziphucuke kakhulu kuneeturbines ezihamba ngokudada ezithe tye.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto zibe lula
I-hydrogen eluhlaza yeyona nto ithethwa kakhulu ngaloo mihla, inamathuba okusetyenziswa ekufudumaleni, kwimizi-mveliso nakwipetroli. Nangona kunjalo, indlela eyenziwa ngayo i-hydrogen ibalulekile kwimpembelelo yayo yokukhupha umbane, iphawula i-TEC.
Iindleko zixhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini - ezombane kunye nezibaluleke kakhulu ezo ze-electrolysers, ekufuneka ziqhutywe kuqoqosho lomlinganiselo.
Iibhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo ngasemva kwemitha kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto ezifana ne-solid-state lithium-metal ziyavela zibonelela ngophuculo olukhulu olungenamda kuneteknoloji yebhetri ekhoyo ngokubhekiselele kubuninzi bamandla, ukuqina kwebhetri kunye nokhuseleko, ngelixa zivumela amaxesha okutshaja akhawulezayo, itsho iKomiti.
Ukuba imveliso ingandiswa ngempumelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu, ngakumbi kwimarike yeemoto, njengoko oku kunokubangela uphuhliso lweemoto zombane ezineebhetri ezinobomi obude kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba olufana nolwezithuthi zemveli zanamhlanje.
Indawo yokugcina amandla obushushu yokufudumeza okanye ukupholisa ingaziswa ngezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunye neendleko, kwaye igalelo layo elikhulu linokwenzeka kwizakhiwo nakwimizi-mveliso yokukhanya, ngokutsho kweKomiti.
Iinkqubo zamandla obushushu ezindlini zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezibandayo nezinomswakama omncinci apho iipompo zobushushu zingasebenzi kakuhle, ngelixa enye indawo ephambili yophando lwexesha elizayo ikuphuhliso kunye "nemixokelelwane ebandayo" yelizwe elitsha neliphuhlileyo kwezoshishino.
Iimpompo zobushushu zibuchwepheshe obusele buzinzile, kodwa zikwayindlela apho izinto ezintsha ziqhubeka nokwenziwa kwiindawo ezifana neefriji eziphuculweyo, iicompressor, ii-heat exchangers kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphumelela.
Izifundo zibonisa rhoqo ukuba iimpompo zobushushu, ezisebenza ngombane wegesi ongekho luhlaza kakhulu, ziyindlela ephambili yokufuna ukufudumeza nokupholisa, itsho iKomiti.
Ezinye iiteknoloji ezintsha
Ezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe eziphononongiweyo zingumoya ohamba emoyeni kunye neenkqubo zokuguqula amandla olwandle, amaza olwandle kunye nobushushu bolwandle, ezinokuba zibaluleke kakhulu kwimizamo yamanye amazwe okanye yemimandla engaphantsi kodwa iKomiti ithi akunakwenzeka ukuba imingeni yobunjineli kunye neyoshishino ibonelele ngeenzuzo kwihlabathi liphela de kube kugqitywe.
Enye iteknoloji entsha enomdla yi-bioenergy enokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni, edlula nje kwinqanaba lokubonisa ukuya ekusetyenzisweni okulinganiselweyo kwezorhwebo. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa, ukusetyenziswa kuya kufuneka kuqhutywe ikakhulu ngamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu, apho ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwehlabathi lokwenyani okunokubandakanya umxube weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafutha, iindlela zeCCS kunye namashishini ajoliswe kuwo.
—NguJonathan Spencer Jones
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-14-2022