Ikoranabuhanga rishya mu by'ingufu rikeneye iterambere ryihuse kugira ngo ripime ubushobozi bwaryo bwo gushora imari mu gihe kirekire.
Intego ni ukugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'urwego rw'amashanyarazi kuko uruhare runini ruri mu bikorwa by'ingenzi, hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo gukuraho karuboni mu kirere.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi nk'umuyaga n'izuba ubu rikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi ariko ikoranabuhanga rishya ry'ingufu zisukuye rikomeje gutera imbere no kuzamuka. Bitewe n'imihigo yo kubahiriza amasezerano ya Paris n'igitutu cyo gushyira ahagaragara ikoranabuhanga, ikibazo ni iki: ni nde muri ayo mashya akeneye kwitabwaho mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere kugira ngo amenye ubushobozi bwe bwo gushora imari mu gihe kirekire.
Kubera ibi, Komite Nyobozi y’Ikoranabuhanga ya Loni ishinzwe Amasezerano y’Imihindagurikire y’Ikirere (UNFCCC) yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga ritandatu rizatanga inyungu ku rwego rw’isi kandi ivuga ko rigomba kugezwa ku isoko vuba bishoboka.
Ibi ni ibi bikurikira.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze mu gutanga ingufu
Komite ivuga ko ikoranabuhanga rya PV y'izuba rigenda mu kirere atari ikoranabuhanga rishya, ariko ikoranabuhanga ryihariye rikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bwo hejuru ririmo guhuzwa mu buryo bushya. Urugero ni ubwato bunini bupfundikiye hamwe na sisitemu za PV z'izuba, harimo panels, transmission na inverters.
Ibyiciro bibiri by'amahirwe biragaragazwa, ni ukuvuga igihe umurima w'izuba ureremba uba wihariye n'igihe wongeye gushyirwamo cyangwa kubakwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi nk'umuvange. Imirasire y'izuba ireremba ishobora kandi gukorerwa gukurikirana ku giciro gito cy'inyongera ariko kugeza kuri 25% by'ingufu ziyongereyeho.
Umuyaga uremba utanga ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu z'umuyaga ziboneka mu mazi menshi kurusha iminara y'umuyaga idahinduka yo mu mazi, ikunze kuba mu mazi afite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 50 cyangwa munsi yayo, no mu turere dufite ubujyakuzimu bw'inyanja hafi y'inkombe. Ikibazo nyamukuru ni uburyo bwo gufunga, aho ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'igishushanyo mbonera buhabwa ishoramari, haba mu mazi cyangwa mu mazi yo mu nyanja ndetse byombi bifite ibyiza n'ibibi.
Komite ivuga ko imiterere y’umuyaga ugenda mu kirere iri ku rwego rwo hejuru mu buryo butandukanye bwo kwitegura ikoranabuhanga, aho turbine zigenda mu kirere ziteye imbere kurusha turbine zigenda mu kirere.
Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga
Ingano ya hydrogen y’icyatsi ni yo ivugwaho cyane muri uyu munsi, aho ikoreshwa mu gushyushya, mu nganda no mu gutanga lisansi. Icyakora, uburyo hydrogen ikorwamo, ni ingenzi cyane ku ngaruka z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, nk’uko TEC ibivuga.
Ibiciro bishingiye ku bintu bibiri - icy'amashanyarazi n'icy'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane icy'ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, bigomba gushingira ku bukungu bw'ingufu.
Komite ivuga ko bateri z’iki gihe zo mu bwoko bwa “bateri” zo mu gihe kizaza zo mu gihe cyo gupima no kubika ibikoresho nk’ibinyabutabire bya “lithium-metal” zirimo kuzamuka zitanga impinduka zikomeye ku buryo butari ubw’ibanze ugereranyije n’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri zisanzweho mu bijyanye n’ubucucike bw’ingufu, kuramba kwa bateri no kurinda umutekano, ndetse no gutuma igihe cyo gusharija kirushaho kwihuta.
Niba umusaruro ushobora kwagurwa neza, ikoreshwa ryabyo rishobora guhindura ibintu, cyane cyane ku isoko ry'imodoka, kuko bishobora gutuma habaho iterambere ry'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite bateri zifite ubuzima kandi zikoresha uburebure bungana n'ubw'imodoka zisanzwe zo muri iki gihe.
Komite ivuga ko ububiko bw'ingufu zishyushya cyangwa zikonjesha bushobora gutangwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye bifite ubushobozi butandukanye bw'ubushyuhe n'ibiciro bitandukanye, kandi uruhare rwabyo rushobora kuba mu nyubako no mu nganda zoroheje.
Sisitemu z'ingufu zikoresha ubushyuhe mu ngo zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu turere dukonje kandi dufite ubushyuhe buke aho pompe zikoresha ubushyuhe zidakora neza, mu gihe ikindi gice cy'ingenzi cy'ubushakashatsi mu gihe kizaza ari mu iterambere ry'ibihugu bishya kandi byateye imbere mu nganda.
Pompe zishyushya ni ikoranabuhanga rimaze igihe kirekire, ariko nanone ni ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gukorwa mu nzego nka firigo nziza, compressors, ibyuma bihindura ubushyuhe na sisitemu zo kugenzura kugira ngo umusaruro n'imikorere birusheho kwiyongera.
Komite ivuga ko ubushakashatsi buhora bwerekana ko pompe zishyushya, zikoresha amashanyarazi make akoresha gaze ihumanya ikirere, ari ingamba y'ingenzi mu gushyushya no gukonjesha, nk'uko Komite ibivuga.
Izindi koranabuhanga zigezweho
Izindi koranabuhanga zasuzumwe ni umuyaga wo mu kirere n'imiraba yo mu mazi, sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu z'ubushyuhe mu nyanja n'iz'inyanja, ibi bishobora kuba ingenzi ku bikorwa by'ibihugu bimwe cyangwa uturere duto ariko kugeza igihe ibibazo by'ubwubatsi n'ubucuruzi bizakemuka, Komite irabitangaza.
Indi koranabuhanga igezweho ni ingufu zikomoka ku binyabuzima hamwe no gufata no kubika karubone, irimo kurenga icyiciro cyo kwerekana aho ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi rigarukira. Bitewe n'ibiciro biri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya ingaruka, gukoresha ibi bizakenera gushingira ahanini ku ngamba za politiki y'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, aho ikoreshwa ry'ibintu nyabyo rishobora kuba rivanze ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikomoka kuri lisansi, uburyo bwa CCS n'inganda zigamije.
—Byanditswe na Jonathan Spencer Jones
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 14-2022