Ukadaulo watsopano wa mphamvu wapezeka womwe ukufunika kupangidwa mwachangu kuti uyese momwe ungagwiritsire ntchito ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali.
Cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsa mpweya komanso gawo la magetsi chifukwa gawo lalikulu la ntchito lili pakati pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zochotsera mpweya woipa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zipangizo zamakono zazikulu monga mphepo ndi dzuwa tsopano zikugulitsidwa kwambiri koma zipangizo zatsopano zamagetsi zoyera zikupitirizabe kupangidwa ndi kupangidwa. Popeza pali malonjezano okwaniritsa Pangano la Paris komanso kukakamizidwa kuti zipangizozi zituluke, funso ndilakuti ndi ndani mwa omwe akutukuka kumene amene akufunika kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko kuti adziwe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama kwa nthawi yayitali.
Poganizira izi, Komiti Yoyang'anira Ukadaulo ya UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) yapeza ukadaulo watsopano zisanu ndi umodzi womwe ungapereke phindu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikunena kuti uyenera kugulitsidwa pamsika mwachangu momwe zingathere.
Izi ndi izi.
Ukadaulo woyambira wamagetsi
Komitiyi ikutero kuti ma solar PV oyandama si ukadaulo watsopano koma ukadaulo wokonzekera bwino kwambiri waukadaulo ukugwirizanitsidwa m'njira zatsopano. Chitsanzo ndi maboti okhala pansi panthaka ndi makina a solar PV, kuphatikizapo mapanelo, ma transmission ndi ma inverter.
Magulu awiri a mwayi akuwonetsedwa, mwachitsanzo pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa yoyandama imadziyimira yokha komanso pamene yakonzedwanso kapena kumangidwa ndi malo opangira magetsi ngati chosakanikirana. Mphamvu ya dzuwa yoyandama ingapangidwenso kuti itsatire pamtengo wochepa koma mpaka 25% yowonjezera mphamvu.
Mphepo yoyandama imapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mphepo zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi akuya kwambiri kuposa nsanja zamphepo zokhazikika za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi akuya mamita 50 kapena kuchepera, komanso m'madera omwe ali ndi pansi pa nyanja pafupi ndi gombe. Vuto lalikulu ndi dongosolo lomangira, lomwe mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mapangidwe imalandira ndalama, kaya yomizidwa kapena yokhazikika pansi pa nyanja ndipo zonse ziwiri zili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa.
Komitiyi ikunena kuti mapangidwe a mphepo yoyandama ali pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wokonzekera ukadaulo, ndipo ma turbine oyandama opingasa otsogola kwambiri kuposa ma turbine opingasa olunjika.
Kuthandizira ukadaulo
Nkhani ya haidrojeni yobiriwira ndi yomwe imakambidwa kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera, m'mafakitale komanso ngati mafuta. Komabe, momwe haidrojeni imapangidwira, komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri pa zotsatira zake zotulutsa mpweya, malinga ndi TEC.
Mtengo wake umadalira zinthu ziwiri - cha magetsi komanso makamaka cha ma electrolyser, omwe ayenera kuyendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi.
Mabatire a m'badwo wotsatira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuseri kwa mita ndi malo osungiramo zinthu monga lithiamu-metal yolimba akutuluka akupereka kusintha kwakukulu kosafunikira poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wa mabatire womwe ulipo pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kulimba kwa mabatire komanso chitetezo, komanso kulola kuti nthawi yochaja ichepe mwachangu, ikutero Komiti.
Ngati kupanga kungakulitsidwe bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungakhale kosintha zinthu, makamaka pamsika wamagalimoto, chifukwa kungathandize kupanga magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mabatire okhala ndi moyo wautali komanso magalimoto osiyanasiyana ofanana ndi magalimoto amakono.
Malo osungira mphamvu zotenthetsera kapena zoziziritsira kutentha amatha kuperekedwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera komanso ndalama zosiyanasiyana, ndipo gawo lake lalikulu lingakhale m'nyumba ndi mafakitale opepuka, malinga ndi Komiti.
Makina amagetsi otenthetsera m'nyumba angakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu m'madera ozizira komanso opanda chinyezi komwe mapampu otenthetsera sagwira ntchito bwino, pomwe gawo lina lofunikira pa kafukufuku wamtsogolo ndi "maunyolo ozizira" akumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene komanso omwe angotukuka kumene.
Mapampu otenthetsera ndi ukadaulo wodziwika bwino, komanso ndi njira yomwe zinthu zatsopano zikupitilira kupangidwa m'malo monga ma refrigerant abwino, ma compressor, ma heat exchanger ndi makina owongolera kuti abweretse magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza nthawi zonse kuti mapampu otenthetsera, omwe amayendetsedwa ndi magetsi ochepa a gasi wowonjezera kutentha, ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsira, ikutero Komiti.
Maukadaulo ena atsopano
Ukadaulo wina womwe wawunikidwanso ndi mphepo ya m'mlengalenga ndi mafunde a m'nyanja, machitidwe osinthira mphamvu ya kutentha kwa mafunde ndi nyanja, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira kwambiri pakuyesetsa kwa mayiko ena kapena madera ang'onoang'ono koma mpaka mavuto aukadaulo ndi bizinesi atathetsedwa, Komitiyo ikutero.
Ukadaulo wina watsopano wofunikira ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kaboni, zomwe zikungopitirira gawo lowonetsera kupita ku ntchito zochepa zamalonda. Chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochepetsera nyengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi kuyenera kuyendetsedwa makamaka ndi njira zoyendetsera nyengo, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zenizeni kungaphatikizepo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta, njira za CCS ndi mafakitale omwe akufunafuna.
—Wolembedwa ndi Jonathan Spencer Jones
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-14-2022