Kua tautuhia ngā hangarau pūngao hou e hiahia ana kia tere te whakawhanake hei whakamātautau i tō rātou whai huatanga ki te haumi mō te wā roa.
Ko te whāinga he whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, ā, ko te rāngai hiko, te whenua nui rawa atu, kei waenganui i ngā mahi me te whānuitanga o ngā hangarau tango waro hei tono māna.
Kua whānuitia te hokohoko i ngā hangarau matua pēnei i te hau me te rā, engari kei te whanake tonu, kei te puta ake hoki ngā hangarau pūngao ma. I runga i ngā herenga ki te whakatutuki i te Whakaaetanga o Parī me te pēhanga ki te whakaputa i ngā hangarau, ko te pātai ko wai o ēnei e hiahia ana kia arotahi ki te R&D hei whakatau i tō rātou pūmanawa haumi mō te wā roa.
I runga i tēnei whakaaro, kua tautuhia e te Komiti Whakahaere Hangarau o te UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ētahi hangarau hou e ono ka puta mai ngā hua o te ao whānui, ā, e ai ki te komiti me kawe wawe tonu ki te mākete.
Ko ēnei ēnei e whai ake nei.
Ngā hangarau tuku pūngao tuatahi
Ehara te pūngao hiko pūngao rā i te hangarau hou, engari kei te whakakotahihia ngā hangarau matatau kua hokohokohia katoatia ki ngā huarahi hou, e ai ki te Komiti. Hei tauira, ko ngā poti papatahi e herea ana me ngā pūnaha pūngao hiko pūngao rā, tae atu ki ngā panera, te tuku me ngā kaitahuri.
E rua ngā momo whai wāhitanga e tohua ana, arā, ina tū motuhake te papa hiko pūngao rā e rere ana, me te ina whakauruhia, ina hangaia rānei me te whare hiko wai hei pūnaha ranu. Ka taea hoki te hoahoa i te pūngao rā e rere ana mō te aroturuki i te utu tāpiri iti engari tae atu ki te 25% te pikinga pūngao tāpiri.
Mā te hau mānu ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi pūngao hau e kitea ana i ngā wai hohonu atu i ngā pourewa hau pūmau i tai, e kitea ana i roto i te wai 50m, iti iho rānei te hohonu, me ngā rohe he tata ki te takutai moana te hohonu o ngā papa moana. Ko te wero nui ko te pūnaha punga, e rua ngā momo hoahoa matua e haumihia ana, arā, ko te ruku wai, ko te punga rānei ki te papa moana, ā, he pai, he kino hoki ō ia mea.
E ai ki te Komiti he rerekē ngā taumata hangarau mō ngā hoahoa hau mānu, ā, he matatau ake ngā tāpine tuaka whakapae mānu i ngā tāpine tuaka poutū.
Ngā hangarau whakahohe
Ko te hauwai matomato te kaupapa matua o te rā, ā, he maha ngā huarahi hei whakamahi mā te whakamahana, mā te ahumahi, hei wahie hoki. Heoi, ko te āhua o te hanga o te hauwai he mea nui ki te pānga o ōna tukunga, e ai ki te TEC.
E rua ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā utu – arā, ko te hiko, me te mea nui ake, ko te utu mō ngā mīhini hikohiko, ā, me whakamahi ēnei i ngā tikanga tauine hei ārahi i ēnei.
Kei te puta ake ngā pākahiko o te whakatupuranga hou mō ngā taputapu rokiroki i muri i te mita me ngā taputapu rokiroki pēnei i te konganuku lithium totoka, e tuku ana i ngā whakapainga nui, kāore i te iti noa iho, ki runga ake i te hangarau pākahiko o nāianei, e pā ana ki te kiato pūngao, te roa o te pākahiko me te haumaru, me te āhei hoki i ngā wā utu tere ake, e ai ki te Komiti.
Mena ka taea te whakanui ake i te hanga, ka nui ake te rerekētanga o tōna whakamahinga, inā koa mō te mākete motuka, nā te mea ka taea te whakawhanake i ngā waka hiko me ngā pākahiko he roa te ora me te tawhiti taraiwa e rite ana ki ngā waka tuku iho o ēnei rā.
E ai ki te Komiti, ka taea te penapena pūngao wera mō te whakamahana, te whakamatao rānei mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi rerekē me ngā kaha wera me ngā utu rerekē, ā, ko tōna takoha nui pea kei roto i ngā whare me ngā umanga māmā.
Tērā pea ka nui te pānga o ngā pūnaha pūngao wera mō ngā whare noho ki ngā rohe makariri, iti te makuku, ā, kāore e tino whai hua ana ngā papu wera, ko tētahi atu wāhi matua mō ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei ko ngā "mekameka makariri" o ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā whenua hou kua ahu whakamua.
He hangarau kua roa e whakamahia ana ngā papu wera, engari he hangarau anō hoki e haere tonu ana te mahi auaha i roto i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakapai ake i ngā pouaka whakamātao, ngā pūwhakakī, ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā pūnaha whakahaere hei whakapiki i te mahi me te whai huatanga.
E whakaatu tonu ana ngā rangahau he rautaki matua ngā papu wera, e whakakahangia ana e te hiko hau kati kōtuhi iti, mō ngā hiahia whakamahana me te whakamatao, e ai ki te Komiti.
Ētahi atu hangarau hou
Ko ētahi atu hangarau e arotakehia ana ko te hau ā-rangi me ngā pūnaha hurihanga pūngao ngaru moana, tai me te moana, he mea nui pea ēnei ki ngā mahi a ētahi whenua, rohe iti rānei, engari ki te kore e wikitoria ngā wero hangarau me te pakihi, kāore pea e puta he hua i te ao whānui, e ai ki te Komiti.
Ko tētahi atu hangarau hou e pārekareka ana ko te koiora-pūngao me te hopu me te rokiroki waro, e neke haere ana i tua atu i te wāhanga whakaaturanga ki te whakatinanatanga arumoni iti. Nā te nui o ngā utu ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu kōwhiringa whakaitiiti, me ārahi te whakamahinga e ngā kaupapa here āhuarangi, me te whakatinanatanga whānui o te ao tūturu e uru ana ki te ranunga o ngā momo wahie rerekē, ngā huarahi CCS me ngā ahumahi whainga.
—Nā Jonathan Spencer Jones
Wā tuku: Hanuere-14-2022