Iingcali zehlabathi ngamandla elanga zikhuthaza ngamandla ukuba kuqhubeke ukukhula kokwenziwa kwe-photovoltaic (PV) kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla kwiplanethi, zisithi uqikelelo oluphantsi lokukhula kwe-PV ngelixa kulindelwe ukuvumelana ngezinye iindlela zamandla okanye ukuvela kwemimangaliso yetekhnoloji yomzuzu wokugqibela "ayisenandlela."
Isivumelwano esifikelelweyo ngabathathi-nxaxheba kwi-3rdI-Terawatt Workshop kunyaka ophelileyo ilandela iingqikelelo ezinkulu ezivela kumaqela amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela malunga nesidingo se-PV enkulu ukuqhuba umbane kunye nokunciphisa igesi ebangela ubushushu. Ukwamkelwa okwandayo kwetekhnoloji ye-PV kubangele ukuba iingcali zicebise ukuba malunga ne-75 terawatts okanye ngaphezulu ze-PV ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela ziya kufuneka ngo-2050 ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenjongo zokususa i-carbonization.
Le workshop, ekhokelwa ngabameli abavela kwiNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), iFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy eJamani, kunye neNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology eJapan, iqokelele iinkokeli ezivela kwihlabathi liphela kwi-PV, ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi, uhlalutyo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, ezivela kumaziko ophando, kwi-academia, nakwimizi-mveliso. Intlanganiso yokuqala, ngo-2016, yajongana nomngeni wokufikelela ubuncinci kwi-terawatts ezi-3 ngo-2030.
Intlanganiso ka-2018 inyuse umgomo wayo phezulu nangakumbi, yaya kwi-10 TW ngo-2030, yaza yaphindwa kathathu loo mali ngo-2050. Abathathi-nxaxheba kuloo workshop baphinde baqikelela ngempumelelo ukuba ukuveliswa kombane kwihlabathi liphela kwi-PV kuya kufikelela kwi-1 TW kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo. Loo mda weqiwe kunyaka ophelileyo.
“Senze inkqubela phambili enkulu, kodwa iinjongo ziya kufuna umsebenzi oqhubekayo kunye nokukhawuleziswa,” utshilo uNancy Haegel, umlawuli weZiko leSizwe leeFotovoltaics eNREL. UHaegel ngumbhali ophambili wenqaku elitsha kwijenali.iSayensi, “Iifotovoltaics kwiMulti-Terawatt Scale: Ukulinda Akuyondlela Ifanelekileyo.” Ababhali abasebenzisana nabo bamele amaziko angama-41 avela kumazwe ali-15.
“Ixesha libaluleke kakhulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba sizibekele iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo nezinokufezekiswa ezinefuthe elikhulu,” utshilo uMartin Keller, umlawuli we-NREL. “Kukho inkqubela phambili enkulu kwicandelo lamandla elanga e-photovoltaic, kwaye ndiyazi ukuba singenza okungakumbi njengoko siqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye senza izinto ngokukhawuleza.”
Imitha yelanga eyenzeka ngeziganeko inokubonelela ngamandla angaphezulu kokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla oMhlaba, kodwa yipesenti encinci kuphela esetyenziswayo. Ubungakanani bombane obubonelelwa kwihlabathi liphela yi-PV bunyuke kakhulu ukusuka kwisixa esincinci ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-4-5% ngo-2022.
Ingxelo evela kwiworkshop iphawule ukuba “ithuba lokuthatha inyathelo ngobukhulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu ngelixa kuhlangatyezwana neemfuno zamandla zehlabathi kwixesha elizayo.” I-PV ivelele njengenye yeendlela ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinokusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko ukutshintsha amafutha efosili. “Umngcipheko omkhulu kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo kukwenza iingcamango ezimbi okanye iimpazamo ekuboniseni ukukhula okufunekayo kwishishini le-PV, size siqonde kade ukuba besiphosakele kwicala eliphantsi kwaye kufuneka sinyuse imveliso kunye nokusasazwa kwayo ukuya kumanqanaba angenakwenzeka okanye angazinziyo.”
Ababhali baqikelele ukuba ukufikelela kumgomo we-75-terawatt kuya kubeka iimfuno ezinkulu kubavelisi be-PV kunye noluntu lwezenzululwazi. Umzekelo:
- Abenzi beepaneli zelanga zesilicon kufuneka banciphise ubungakanani besilivere esetyenziswayo ukuze ubuchwepheshe buqhubekeke kwinqanaba le-multi-terawatt.
- Ishishini le-PV kufuneka liqhubeke likhula ngesantya esimalunga nama-25% ngonyaka kwiminyaka ebalulekileyo ezayo.
- Eli shishini kufuneka liqhubeke liphuhlisa izinto ezintsha ukuphucula uzinzo lwezinto kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wazo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiworkshop bakwathe iteknoloji yelanga kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ukuze ilungelelaniswe nendalo kunye nokujikeleza, nangona ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kungesosisombululo esifanelekileyo kwezoqoqosho okwangoku kwiimfuno zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngenxa yokufakelwa okuphantsi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku xa kuthelekiswa neemfuno zeminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo.
Njengoko ingxelo iphawulile, injongo yee-terawatts ezingama-75 ze-PV efakiweyo "ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kwaye yindlela ekhoyo yokuya phambili. Imbali yamva nje kunye nendlela ekhoyo ngoku ibonisa ukuba oku kunokufezekiswa."
I-NREL yeyona labhoratri iphambili yesizwe yeSebe lezaMandla laseMelika yophando nophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. I-NREL iqhutywa yi-DOE yi-Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-26-2023