Ochwepheshe bomhlaba wonke ngamandla elanga bakhuthaza ngokuqinile ukuzibophezela ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic (PV) kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla eplanethi, bephikisana ngokuthi ukuqagela okuphansi kokukhula kwe-PV ngenkathi kulindele ukuvumelana kwezinye izindlela zamandla noma ukuvela komzuzu wokugcina wezobuchwepheshe. izimangaliso "ayiseyona inketho."
Ukuvumelana okufinyelelwe ngabahlanganyeli ku-3rdI-Terawatt Workshop ngonyaka odlule ilandela ukuqagela okukhulayo okuvela emaqenjini amaningi emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nesidingo se-PV enkulu yokushayela ugesi kanye nokunciphisa igesi ebamba ukushisa.Ukwemukelwa okwandayo kobuchwepheshe be-PV kwenze ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi cishe ama-terawatts angama-75 noma ngaphezulu e-PV asatshalaliswe emhlabeni wonke azodingeka ngo-2050 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhloso ze-decarbonization.
Umhlangano wokucobelelana ngolwazi, owawuholwa ngabamele iNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), iFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy eJalimane, kanye neNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology eJapan, baqoqe abaholi abavela emhlabeni wonke ngePV, ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi, ukuhlaziywa, nokugcinwa kwamandla, okuvela ezikhungweni zocwaningo, ezemfundo, nezimboni.Umhlangano wokuqala, ngo-2016, wabhekana nenselele yokufinyelela okungenani ama-terawatt ama-3 ngo-2030.
Umhlangano ka-2018 uqhubekisele phambili umgomo owawuhlosiwe, wafinyelela cishe ku-10 TW ngo-2030, futhi waphinda kathathu lelo nani ngo-2050. Abahlanganyeli kuleyo workshop baphinde babikezela ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke ovela ku-PV kuzofinyelela ku-1 TW phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ezayo.Lowo mngcele weqe ngonyaka odlule.
"Senze intuthuko enkulu, kodwa izinhloso zizodinga ukuqhubeka nokusebenza nokusheshisa," kusho uNancy Haegel, umqondisi weNational Center for Photovoltaics e-NREL.U-Haegel ungumbhali oholayo wendatshana entsha kujenaliIsayensi, "I-Photovoltaics ku-Multi-Terawatt Scale: Ukulinda Akuyona Inketho."Abahlanganyeli bamele izikhungo ezingama-41 ezivela emazweni ayi-15.
“Isikhathi siwumongo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi sizibekele imigomo efiselekayo nefinyelelekayo enomthelela omkhulu,” kusho uMartin Keller, umqondisi we-NREL."Kube nenqubekelaphambili enkulu endaweni yamandla elanga e-photovoltaic, futhi ngiyazi ukuthi singakwazi ukufeza ngisho nangaphezulu njengoba siqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha nokwenza ngokuphuthumayo."
Isigameko semisebe yelanga singanikeza kalula amandla angaphezu kwenele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla oMhlaba, kodwa amaphesenti amancane kuphela asetshenziswayo.Inani likagesi elihlinzekwa emhlabeni wonke yi-PV lenyuke kakhulu lisuka enanini elinganakwa ngo-2010 laya ku-4-5% ngo-2022.
Umbiko ovela emhlanganweni wokucobelelana ngolwazi uphawule ukuthi “iwindi liya kuvaleka kakhulu ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinqala zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zamandla omhlaba ngekusasa.”I-PV igqama njengenye yezinketho ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa ngokushesha esikhundleni sezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi."Ingozi enkulu yeshumi leminyaka elizayo kungaba ukwenza ukucabanga okungekuhle noma amaphutha ekufaniseni ukukhula okudingekayo embonini ye-PV, bese sibona sekwephuzile ukuthi besinephutha ohlangothini oluphansi futhi sidinga ukuqongelela ukukhiqiza nokuthunyelwa endaweni engafanele noma amazinga angakwazi ukusimama.”
Ukufinyelela ekuhlosweni kwe-75-terawatt, ababhali babikezele, kuzobeka izidingo ezibalulekile kubo bobabili abakhiqizi be-PV kanye nomphakathi wesayensi.Ngokwesibonelo:
- Abenzi bamaphaneli elanga e-silicon kumele banciphise inani lesiliva elisetshenziswa ukuze ubuchwepheshe bukwazi ukusimama esikalini sama-terawatt amaningi.
- Imboni ye-PV kumele iqhubeke nokukhula ngezinga elingama-25% ngonyaka kule minyaka ebucayi ezayo.
- Imboni kumele iqhubeke nokwenza izinto ezintsha ukuze ithuthukise ukusimama kwempahla futhi yehlise izinga layo lezemvelo.
Abahlanganyeli be-Workshop baphinde bathi ubuchwepheshe belanga kumele buklanywe kabusha ukuze kusetshenziswe i-ecodesign kanye nokuzungeza, nakuba izinto zokuphinda zisetshenziswe akusona isixazululo esinomnotho okwamanje sezidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezinikezwe ukufakwa okuphansi kakhulu kuze kube manje uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo zamashumi amabili eminyaka ezayo.
Njengoba umbiko uphawulile, okuhlosiwe kwama-terawatts angama-75 e-PV efakiwe “kuyinselelo enkulu kanye nendlela etholakalayo eya phambili.Umlando wakamuva kanye nomkhondo wamanje uphakamisa ukuthi kungafezwa.”
I-NREL iyilabhorethri kazwelonke eyinhloko yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo namandla.I-NREL isebenzela i-DOE yi-Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-26-2023