Imyaka icumi iri imbere ni yo izafata icyemezo cyo gukura kwa PV mu nzira igana mu 2050

Ubwumvikane bwafashwe n'abitabiriye amahugurwa ya 3^rdIhuriro rya Terawatt umwaka ushize rikurikira ibipimo binini byatanzwe n’amatsinda menshi hirya no hino ku isi ku ikenerwa ry’amashanyarazi menshi kugira ngo habeho amashanyarazi no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Kwemerwa kw’ikoranabuhanga rya PV byatumye impuguke zivuga ko amashanyarazi agera kuri terawati 75 cyangwa arenga azakoreshwa ku isi yose azakenerwa mu 2050 kugira ngo intego zo gukuraho umwuka mubi zigerweho.

Inama y’amahugurwa, yayobowe n’abahagarariye Laboratwari y’Igihugu y’Ingufu Zisubira (NREL), Ikigo cya Fraunhofer gishinzwe Ingufu z’Izuba mu Budage, n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Inganda mu Buyapani, yahuje abayobozi baturutse impande zose z’isi mu bijyanye na PV, guhuza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, isesengura, no kubika ingufu, baturutse mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi, amashuri makuru n’inganda. Inama ya mbere, mu 2016, yaganiriye ku kibazo cyo kugera kuri terawati nibura eshatu bitarenze 2030.

Inama yo mu 2018 yazamuye intego irushaho kwiyongera, igera kuri TW 10 mu 2030, no ku nshuro eshatu z'ayo mafaranga mu 2050. Abitabiriye iyo nama banahanuye ko umusaruro w'amashanyarazi ku isi yose uturuka kuri PV uzagera kuri TW 1 mu myaka itanu iri imbere. Uwo mubare warenze umwaka ushize.

“Twateye intambwe ikomeye, ariko intego zizasaba gukomeza gukora no kwihutisha,” ibi byavuzwe na Nancy Haegel, umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ikoranabuhanga rya Fotovoltaiki muri NREL. Haegel ni we mwanditsi mukuru w’iyi nkuru nshya mu kinyamakuru.Siyansi, “Ubushobozi bwo gupima ikirere ku gipimo cya Multi-Terawatt: Gutegereza si amahitamo.” Abafatanyije kwandika bahagarariye inzego 41 ziturutse mu bihugu 15.

“Igihe ni ingenzi cyane, bityo ni ngombwa ko twishyiriraho intego zikomeye kandi zishobora kugerwaho zifite ingaruka zikomeye,” ibi byavuzwe na Martin Keller, umuyobozi wa NREL. “Habayeho iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye n’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, kandi nzi ko dushobora kugera kuri byinshi kurushaho mu gihe dukomeje guhanga udushya no gukora ibintu byihutirwa.”

Imirasire y'izuba ishobora gutanga ingufu zirenze izikenewe kugira ngo ihuze n'ingufu Isi ikeneye, ariko ni nke cyane ikoreshwa. Ingano y'amashanyarazi atangwa ku isi yose na PV yariyongereye cyane iva ku gipimo gito cyane mu 2010 igera kuri 4-5% mu 2022.

Raporo y’inama yavuze ko “idirishya ririmo gufunga kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba ku rwego rwo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe hagahuzwa n’ibikenewe ku isi mu gihe kizaza.” PV igaragara nk’imwe mu mahitamo make cyane ashobora guhita akoreshwa mu gusimbuza ibikomoka kuri peteroli. “Ingaruka ikomeye mu myaka icumi iri imbere yaba ugutekereza nabi cyangwa amakosa mu kwerekana iterambere rikenewe mu nganda za PV, hanyuma tukamenya ko twibeshye ku ruhande rwo hasi kandi ko tugomba kongera inganda no kuzikoresha ku rwego rudashoboka cyangwa rudashoboka.”

Abanditsi bahanuye ko kugera ku ntego ya terawati 75 bizasaba byinshi haba ku bakora PV ndetse n'umuryango w'abahanga mu bya siyansi. Urugero:

• Abakora imirasire y'izuba ya silikoni bagomba kugabanya ingano y'ifeza ikoreshwa kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rikomeze ku buryo burambye ku gipimo cya terawati nyinshi.
• Inganda za PV zigomba gukomeza gukura ku kigero cya 25% buri mwaka mu myaka iri imbere ikomeye.
• Inganda zigomba gukomeza guhanga udushya kugira ngo zirusheho kunoza uburyo ibintu biramba kandi bigabanye ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije.

Abitabiriye inama banavuze ko ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba rigomba kuvugururwa kugira ngo rifashe mu gushushanya ibidukikije no kuzenguruka, nubwo ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bitaba igisubizo cyiza muri iki gihe ku byifuzo by’ibikoresho bitewe n’uko ibikoresho bigikenewe bike kugeza ubu ugereranije n’ibikenewe mu myaka makumyabiri iri imbere.

Nk’uko raporo yabivuze, intego yo kugera kuri terawati 75 za PV "ni ikibazo gikomeye kandi ni inzira ihari yo gukomeza. Amateka ya vuba aha n'inzira iriho ubu bigaragaza ko ishobora kugerwaho."

NREL ni laboratwari y’ibanze y’igihugu ya Minisiteri y’Ingufu ya Amerika ishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ingufu zisubira n’ingufu. NREL ikorerwa muri DOE na Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC.