Intangiriroof Sisitemu enye zisanzwe zo gushyiramo PV
Ni izihe sisitemu zo gushyiramo PV zikunze gukoreshwa?
Gushyiramo Izuba mu Nkuta
Iyi sisitemu ni inyubako yo gukomeza ubutaka yagenewe ahanini guhuza ibisabwa byo gushyiraho panels nini z'izuba kandi ikoreshwa mu turere dufite umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyaga.
Sisitemu ya PV yo hasi
Ikunze gukoreshwa mu mishinga minini kandi ikunze gukoresha imirongo ya beto nk'ishingiro. Ibiranga byayo birimo:
(1) Imiterere yoroshye no gushyiraho byihuse.
(2) Uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura imiterere kugira ngo buhuze n'ibisabwa ku buryo bugoye aho kubaka.
Sisitemu ya PV yo ku gisenge giciriritse
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa sisitemu za PV zo ku gisenge giteretse, nk'ibisenge biteretse bya sima, ibisenge biteretse by'icyuma bifite amabara, ibisenge biteretse by'icyuma, n'ibisenge by'imipira, bifite ibi bikurikira:
(1) Bishobora gutegurwa neza ku rugero runini.
(2) Bafite uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza fondasiyo buhamye kandi bwizewe.
Sisitemu ya PV y'igisenge gifite uburebure
Nubwo byitwa sisitemu ya PV y'igisenge gihanamye, hari itandukaniro mu nyubako zimwe na zimwe. Dore bimwe mu bintu bikunze kuranga:
(1) Koresha ibice by'uburebure bushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa n'ubugari butandukanye bw'ibisenge by'amatafari.
(2) Ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha imiterere y'imyobo myinshi kugira ngo byoroshye guhindura aho gushyiramo.
(3) Ntukangirize uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi bw'igisenge.
Intangiriro ngufi kuri sisitemu zo gushyiramo PV
Gushyiraho PV - Ubwoko n'Imikorere
Gushyiraho PV ni igikoresho cyihariye cyagenewe gushyigikira, gusana no kuzunguruka ibice bya PV muri sisitemu ya PV y'izuba. Ni "umugongo" w'ikigo cyose cy'amashanyarazi, gitanga inkunga n'ubudahangarwa, kigenzura imikorere myiza ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya PV mu bihe bitandukanye by'imiterere karemano mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 25.
Dukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu gushyiramo ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoresha imbaraga mu gushyiraho PV, bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gushyiraho aluminiyumu, gushyiraho icyuma, n'ibikoresho bitari icyuma, aho gushyiraho ibidakoreshwa mu byuma bidakunze gukoreshwa cyane, mu gihe gushyiraho aluminiyumu no gushyiraho icyuma buri kimwe gifite imiterere yacyo.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo gushyiraho, gushyiramo PV bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: gushyiraho no gukurikirana. Gushyiraho bikurikirana izuba kugira ngo haboneke ingufu nyinshi. Gushyiraho bikoresha inguni ifata imirasire y'izuba mu gihe cy'umwaka nk'inguni yo gushyiraho ibice, muri rusange idahinduka cyangwa igasaba guhindurwa n'intoki (bimwe mu bicuruzwa bishya bishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bwikora cyangwa mu buryo bwikora). Mu buryo bunyuranye, gushyiraho bikurikirana bihindura icyerekezo cy'ibice mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo imirasire y'izuba ikoreshwe neza, bityo byongera ingufu kandi bigere ku musaruro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi.
Imiterere y'aho gushyira ibintu bidahinduka irasanzwe, ahanini igizwe n'inkingi, imiringoti y'ingenzi, imiringoti y'ibyuma, ishingiro, n'ibindi bice. Aho gushyira ibintu bidahinduka hafite uburyo bwose bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi kandi akenshi hitwa uburyo bwo gukurikirana, ahanini bugizwe n'ibice bitatu: uburyo bw'imiterere (gushyiraho ibintu bizunguruka), uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu, na sisitemu yo kugenzura, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kongera gutwara ibintu n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ugereranije n'aho gushyira ibintu bidahinduka.
Kugereranya Imikorere yo Gushyiraho PV
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba bikunze gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho birimo ibikoresho byo gushyiramo beto, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma, n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo aluminiyumu. Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo beto bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bigo binini by'amashanyarazi bya PV kubera uburemere bwabyo kandi bishobora gushyirwa mu mirima ifunguye ifite umusingi mwiza, ariko bifite umutekano mwinshi kandi bishobora gushyigikira imirasire y'izuba minini.
Imitako ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mu mikoreshereze y'izuba ku nyubako zo mu ngo. Imitako ya aluminiyumu ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, yoroshye kandi iramba, ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwikorera kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu mishinga y'inganda zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Byongeye kandi, imitako ya aluminiyumu ihenda gato ugereranyije n'icyuma gishyushye cya galvanised.
Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma bifite imikorere ihamye, uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bumaze igihe, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi, kandi byoroshye gushyiraho, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo mu ngo, inganda, n'izuba. Muri byo, ubwoko bw'ibyuma bukorerwa mu ruganda, bufite imiterere isanzwe, imikorere ihamye, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese neza, n'imiterere myiza.
Gushyiraho PV - Inzitizi mu nganda n'uburyo bwo guhangana
Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya PV zisaba ishoramari rinini, ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo amafaranga arusheho gukomera no gucunga amafaranga, bigatuma habaho imbogamizi mu by'imari. Byongeye kandi, hakenewe abakozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, mu kugurisha no mu buyobozi kugira ngo hakemurwe impinduka ku isoko ry'ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane ikibazo cy'ibura ry'impano mpuzamahanga, ari na cyo kibangamira impano.
Inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga cyane, kandi imbogamizi z'ikoranabuhanga zigaragara mu miterere rusange ya sisitemu, imiterere y'imashini, inzira zo gukora, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura gukurikirana. Imibanire ihamye y'ubufatanye iragoye guhindura, kandi abashya bahura n'imbogamizi mu kwigwizaho ibirango no kwinjira cyane. Iyo isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu rimaze gukura, impamyabushobozi z'imari zizaba imbogamizi ku bucuruzi burimo kwiyongera, mu gihe ku isoko ryo mu mahanga, imbogamizi zikomeye zigomba gushyirwaho binyuze mu isuzuma ry'abantu ba gatatu.
Igishushanyo n'Imikoreshereze y'Ishyirwaho rya PV mu Bikoresho Bivanze
Nk'umusaruro ushyigikira urunigi rw'inganda za PV, umutekano, ikoreshwa, no kuramba kw'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo PV byabaye ibintu by'ingenzi mu gutuma sisitemu ya PV ikora neza kandi mu gihe kirekire mu gihe cyo kuyibyaza umusaruro. Muri iki gihe mu Bushinwa, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo PV bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ibikoresho byo gushyiramo beto, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma, n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo aluminiyumu.
● Imitako ya sima ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mashanyarazi manini ya PV, kuko uburemere bwayo bunini bushobora gushyirwa mu mirima iri ahantu hadatuwe mu bice bifite imiterere myiza y'ishingiro. Ariko, sima ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere kandi ikunze kwangirika ndetse no gucikamo ibice, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo kuyisana gizamuka.
● Imitako ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mu mikoreshereze y'izuba ku mazu yo guturamo. Imitako ya aluminiyumu irwanya ingese, yoroheje kandi iramba, ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwikorera kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu mishinga y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.
● Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo kudahungabana, uburyo bwo gukora bumaze gukura, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi, no koroshya gushyiraho, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu mashanyarazi akoresha imirasire y'izuba mu ngo, mu nganda, no mu ruganda rutanga ingufu z'izuba. Ariko, zifite uburemere bwinshi, bigatuma gushyiraho ibintu bigorana hamwe n’ibiciro byo gutwara ibintu biri hejuru ndetse n’imikorere rusange yo kurwanya ingese. Ku bijyanye n’ikoreshwa ryabyo, bitewe n’ubutaka butaringaniye n’izuba ryinshi, ahantu hatembera n’inyanja n’ahantu hafi y’inkombe byabaye ahantu hashya hakomeye mu iterambere ry’ingufu nshya, bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guteza imbere, inyungu nyinshi, n’ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije. Ariko, bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi mu butaka n’ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa Cl- na SO42- mu butaka mu nkengero z’inyanja n’ahantu hafi y’inkombe, sisitemu zo gushyiraho PV zishingiye ku byuma zirangiza cyane inyubako zo hasi n’izo hejuru, bigatuma bigora sisitemu zo gushyiraho PV zisanzwe kuzuza ibisabwa mu buzima n’umutekano by’ibigo by’amashanyarazi bya PV mu bidukikije birimo ingese nyinshi. Mu gihe kirekire, hamwe n’iterambere rya politiki z’igihugu n’inganda za PV, PV yo mu nyanja izaba igice cy’ingenzi cy’igishushanyo mbonera cya PV mu gihe kizaza. Byongeye kandi, uko inganda za PV zigenda zitera imbere, umutwaro munini mu guteranya ibice byinshi bizana ingorane zikomeye mu gushyiraho. Kubwibyo, imiterere ihamye n'uburemere bworoheje bw'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo PV ni byo bigenderwaho mu iterambere. Kugira ngo hakorwe uburyo bwo gushyiraho PV buhamye, burambye kandi bworoheje, hakozwe uburyo bwo gushyiraho PV bushingiye ku mishinga y'ubwubatsi nyabwo. Guhera ku mutwaro w'umuyaga, umutwaro w'urubura, umutwaro wiyongera, n'umutwaro w'imitingito uterwa n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo PV, ibice by'ingenzi n'uduce tw'ibikoresho byo gushyiraho bigenzurwa imbaraga binyuze mu kubara. Muri icyo gihe, binyuze mu isuzuma ry'imikorere y'uburyo bwo gushyiraho PV mu kirere no mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y'ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mu gushyiraho PV mu masaha 3000, byagaragaye ko bishoboka ko ibikoresho byo gushyiramo PV mu bikoresho bivanze byakoreshejwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2024