Asayansi achitapo kanthu kuti apange zida zamphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchitomaginito mphamvu mwa kupanga kopi yoyamba ya zinthu zitatu zomwe zimatchedwa spin-ice.
Zipangizo zozungulira ayezi ndizosazolowereka kwambiri chifukwa zimakhala ndi zolakwika zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati ndodo imodzi ya maginito.
Maginito a single pole awa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti maginito monopoles, sapezeka m'chilengedwe; pamene chinthu chilichonse cha maginito chidulidwa pakati, nthawi zonse amapanga maginito atsopano okhala ndi pole ya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera.
Kwa zaka zambiri asayansi akhala akufufuza zambirimbiri kuti apeze umboni woti zinthu zinachita kulengedwa mwachilengedwemaginito ma monopoles ndi chiyembekezo chomaliza kusonkhanitsa mphamvu zazikulu za chilengedwe kukhala chiphunzitso chotchedwa chilichonse, ndikuyika sayansi yonse pansi pa denga limodzi.
Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo akwanitsa kupanga mitundu yopangidwa ya monopole yamaginito kudzera mukupanga zinthu zozungulira ziwiri.
Mpaka pano, mapangidwe awa awonetsa bwino mphamvu ya maginito ya monopole, koma n'zosatheka kupeza fizikisi yomweyi pamene zinthuzo zili pa ndege imodzi. Zoonadi, ndi mawonekedwe enieni a magawo atatu a lattice ya spin-ayisi yomwe ndi chinsinsi cha luso lake losazolowereka lopanga mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono omwe amatsanziramaginitoma monopole.
Mu kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa lero mu Nature Communications, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi asayansi ku Cardiff University lapanga kopi yoyamba ya 3D ya chinthu chozungulira ayezi pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wamakono wosindikiza ndi kukonza 3D.
Gululo likunena kuti ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D wawathandiza kusintha mawonekedwe a ayezi wopangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kulamulira momwe ma monopole a maginito amapangidwira ndikusunthidwira m'makina.
Kutha kusintha maginito ang'onoang'ono a monopole mu 3D kungatsegule mapulogalamu ambiri monga momwe amanenera, kuyambira kusungira makompyuta bwino mpaka kupanga maukonde a 3D omwe amatsanzira kapangidwe ka ubongo wa munthu.
"Kwa zaka zoposa 10 asayansi akhala akupanga ndikuphunzira za ayezi wopangidwa m'magawo awiri. Mwa kukulitsa machitidwe oterewa mpaka magawo atatu, timapeza chithunzi cholondola kwambiri cha fizikisi ya monopole ya spin-ice ndipo timatha kuphunzira momwe malo amakhudzira," anatero wolemba wamkulu Dr. Sam Ladak wochokera ku Sukulu ya Fizikisi ndi Astronomy ya Cardiff University.
"Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti aliyense athe kupanga kopi yeniyeni ya 3D ya ayezi wozungulira, mwa kapangidwe kake, pa nanoscale."
Chipale chofewa chopangidwa ndi spin-ayisi chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopangira zinthu za 3D momwe mawaya ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono anaikidwa m'zigawo zinayi mu kapangidwe ka lattice, komwe kali ndi mulifupi wocheperapo kuposa m'lifupi mwa tsitsi la munthu.
Mtundu wapadera wa microscopy wotchedwa magnetic force microscopy, womwe umakhudzidwa ndi maginito, unagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti uwonetse mphamvu zamaginito zomwe zili pa chipangizocho, zomwe zinalola gululo kutsatira kayendedwe ka maginito a single-pole kudutsa kapangidwe ka 3D.
"Ntchito yathu ndi yofunika chifukwa ikuwonetsa kuti ukadaulo wosindikiza wa nanoscale 3D ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsanzira zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kudzera mu chemistry," adatero Dr. Ladak.
"Pomaliza, ntchito iyi ikhoza kupereka njira yopangira zinthu zatsopano zamaginito, komwe zinthuzo zimakonzedwa mwa kuwongolera mawonekedwe a 3D a latisi yopangira."
"Zipangizo zosungira maginito, monga hard disk drive kapena magnetic random access memory devices, ndi gawo lina lomwe lingakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi izi. Popeza zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri okha mwa atatu omwe alipo, izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chingasungidwe. Popeza ma monopole amatha kusunthidwa mozungulira lattice ya 3D pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito, n'zotheka kupanga chipangizo chenicheni chosungira 3D kutengera mphamvu ya maginito."
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-28-2021