UkuqondaIzixhumi Neutral
Isixhumi esimaphakathi siyingxenye yezintambo zikagesi ezisebenza njengendlela yokubuyisela yamanje kusekethe ye-AC. Kusistimu kagesi evamile, kukhona amakhondaktha amathathu ayinhloko: intambo ebukhoma (noma yesigaba), intambo emaphakathi, nentambo yaphansi. Intambo ebukhoma ithwala i-current ekulayisheni, kuyilapho intambo emaphakathi inikeza indlela yokuthi yamanje ibuyele emthonjeni. Intambo ephansi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyisici sokuphepha esivikela amaphutha kagesi.
Isixhumi esimaphakathi siklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuxhuma intambo emaphakathi kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi, iqinisekisa ukuthi yamanje ingageleza ibuyele emthonjeni wamandla ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi yesistimu kagesi nokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile noma izifunda ezimfushane.
Ukubaluleka Kwezixhumi Ezimaphakathi
1. Ukuphepha
Okunye kokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwesixhumi esingathathi hlangothi ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kumasistimu kagesi. Ngokunikeza indlela yokubuyisela ezinikele yezixhumi zamanje, ezingathathi hlangothi zisiza ukuvimbela ukushaqeka kukagesi nemililo. Uma kwenzeka iphutha, njenge-short circuit,isixhumi esingathathi hlangothiiqinisekisa ukuthi umsinga oweqile uqondiswa ngokuphephile phansi, unciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwemishini nokulimala kwabantu.
2. Ukuzinza Kwesekethe
Izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zifaka isandla ekuzinzeni kwamasekhethi kagesi. Kusistimu ebhalansile, i-current egeleza ngentambo ebukhoma kufanele ilingane neyamanje ebuyayo ngentambo emaphakathi. Uma kukhona ukungalingani, kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ukungasebenzi kwemishini, noma ngisho nemililo kagesi. Izixhumi ezimaphakathi zisiza ukugcina le bhalansi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokubuya yamanje ilungile futhi isebenza kahle.
3. Ukusebenza Okuphumelelayo
Ngaphezu kokuphepha nokuzinza, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinhlelo zikagesi. Ngokunikeza indlela yokubuyisela ethembekile yamanje, basiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele kwamadivayisi kagesi. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nezimboni, lapho kusetshenziswa amanani amakhulu kagesi.
4. Ukuhambisana ne-Grounding Systems
Izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokubeka phansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha ngokuqhubekayo. Ezifakweni eziningi zikagesi, intambo engathathi hlangothi iboshelwa phansi kuphaneli yesevisi enkulu. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka iphutha, umsinga uzogeleza emhlabathini, unciphise ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi. Izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zisiza le nqubo yokubopha, iqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo ezingathathi hlangothi neziphansi zixhunywe kahle.
Izicelo Zezixhumi Ezimaphakathi
Izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zisetshenziswa kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kuhlanganisa:
1. Izintambo zokuhlala
Ezilungiselelweni zokuhlala, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zitholakala ezitolo, ekushintsheni nasezintweni zokukhanyisa. Baqinisekisa ukuthi amadivaysi kagesi asebenza ngokuphepha nangempumelelo, anikeze indlela yokubuyisela ethembekile yamanje. Abanikazi bezindlu bayazuza ekuphepheni nasekuzinzeni okuhlinzekwa yizixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi, okunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi zikagesi.
2. Izinhlelo Zezohwebo Nezimboni
Ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nezimboni, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zibalulekile ekunikezeni amandla imishini, izinto zokusebenza, nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa. Lezi zixhumi zisiza ukugcina ibhalansi yemithwalo kagesi, iqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi isebenza kahle nangempumelelo. Ezikhungweni ezinkulu, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi kungaholela ekongeni amandla okubalulekile nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
3. Amasistimu Amandla Avuselelekayo
Njengoba umhlaba uguqukela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zibaluleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga kanye nawomoya. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zidinga ukucushwa kwezintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kukagesi kuyalingana futhi kuphephile. Ngokwenza lula ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kumagridi kagesi akhona, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kumandla esimeme.
4. Izikhungo Zedatha
Ezikhungweni zedatha, lapho amanani amakhulu kagesi asetshenziswa eziphakelini zamandla nezinhlelo zokupholisa, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina kwesistimu. Zisiza ukuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ingqalasizinda kagesi ingakwazi ukusekela izidingo eziphezulu zekhompuyutha yesimanje. Ukuthembeka okunikezwa izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuphumula nokugcina ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yesikhungo sedatha.
Isiphetho
Kafushane, izixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi ziyizici ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi ezenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukuzinza, nokusebenza kahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezintambo zendawo yokuhlala noma izilungiselelo zezimboni, lezi zixhumi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nokuphephile kwamasistimu kagesi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka kanye nesidingo sikagesi sikhula, ukubaluleka kwezixhumi ezingathathi hlangothi kuzoqhubeka nokukhula, okubenza kube yinto egxile kakhulu konjiniyela nabasebenza ngogesi. Ukuqonda indima nokubaluleka kwazo kubalulekile kunoma ubani obambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni, ekufakweni, noma ekulungisweni kwamasistimu kagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2025