Izindaba - Iyini I-Low Voltage Current Transformer futhi Isebenza Kanjani?

I-transformer yensimbi eyaziwa ngokuthi ai-voltage low transformer yamanje(CT) yakhelwe ukukala high alternating current (AC) ngaphakathi kwesekhethi. Lolu cingo lusebenza ngokukhiqiza amandla alinganayo futhi aphephile kumawindi awo esibili. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile angakwazi ukukala kalula lesi samanje esincishisiwe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-ai-transformer yamanjekuwukwehlela phansi phezulu, imisinga eyingozi. Iwaguqula abe amaleveli aphephile, alawulekayo alungele ukuqapha, ukulinganisa, nokuvikelwa kwesistimu.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

I-voltage ephansii-transformer yamanje(CT) ikala ugesi ophezulu ngokuphepha. Ishintsha umsinga omkhulu, oyingozi ube omncane, ophephile.
Ama-CTs asebenza esebenzisa imiqondo emibili emikhulu: omazibuthe benza ugesi kanye nenombolo yezintambo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi balinganise ugesi ngendlela efanele.
Banguizinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CTs, njengezinhlobo zesilonda, i-toroidal, nezinhlobo zamabha. Uhlobo ngalunye luhambisana nezidingo ezahlukene zokukala ugesi.
Ungalokothi unqamule izintambo zesibili ze-CT lapho ugesi uhamba. Lokhu kungakha amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu, ayingozi futhi kubangele ukulimala.
Ukukhetha i-CT efanele kubalulekile ezilinganisweni ezifanele nokuphepha. I-CT engalungile ingabangela izikweletu ezingalungile noma umonakalo wemishini.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Low Voltage Current Transformer?

Ai-voltage low transformer yamanjeisebenza ngezimiso ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-physics. Eyokuqala iwukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, okwenza owamanje. Okwesibili isilinganiso sokuphenduka, esinquma ubukhulu balowo msinga. Ukuqonda le mibono kuveza ukuthi i-CT ingakala kanjani ngokuphepha nangokunembile imisinga ephezulu.

Umgomo Wokungeniswa kwe-Electromagnetic

Emgogodleni wayo, i-low voltage current transformer isebenza ngokususelwe kuyoUmthetho kaFaraday Wokungeniswa kwe-Electromagnetic. Lo mthetho uchaza ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo ingakha kanjani amandla kagesi kumqhubi oseduze. Inqubo yembuleka ngokulandelana okuthile:

I-alternating current (AC) igeleza ku-conductor oyinhloko noma ukujikajika. Lo mjikelezo oyinhloko uphethe amandla aphezulu adinga ukukalwa.
Iukugeleza kwe-AC kukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ehlala ishintshaazungeze umqhubi. Ai-ferromagnetic corengaphakathi kwemihlahlandlela ye-CT futhi igxilisa le nsimu kazibuthe.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwamagnetic field kudala ushintsho ku-flux kazibuthe, edlula ekujikeni kwesibili.
NgokoMthetho kaFaraday, lolu shintsho ekuguquguqukeni kazibuthe lwenza i-voltage (amandla kagesi) futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-current in the second winding.

Qaphela:Le nqubo isebenza kuphela nge-alternating current (AC). I-Direct current (DC) ikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe engaguquki. Ngaphandle aushintshoku-flux magnetic, akukho induction eyenzekayo, futhi i-transformer ngeke ikhiqize okwamanje yesibili.

Iqhaza Lesilinganiso sokujika

Isilinganiso sokujika siwukhiye wokuthi i-CT yehlisa kanjani imanje ephezulu iye ezingeni elilawulekayo. Lesi silinganiso siqhathanisa inani lokujika kwentambo ekujikeni okuyinhloko (Np) nenani lokujika kokujika kwesibili (Ns). Ku-CT, ukujikajika kwesibili kunokujika okuningi kunokujikoza okuyinhloko.

Iekhona kuma-windings ilingana ngokuphambene nesilinganiso sokuphenduka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ainombolo ephezulu yokujika ekujikeni kwesibili kuphumela kumanje ophansi wesibili ophansi ngokulinganayo. Lobu budlelwano bulandela ii-amp-turn equation eyisisekelo yama-transformers.

Ifomula yezibalo yalobu budlelwano ithi:

Ap / As = Ns / Np

Kuphi:

Ap= Okwamanje Okuyisisekelo

As= Okwamanje okwesibili

Np= Inani Lokujika Okuyisisekelo

Ns= Inani lamajika esibili

Isibonelo, i-CT enesilinganiso esingu-200:5A inesilinganiso sokuphenduka esingu-40:1 (200 sihlukaniswa ngo-5). Lo mklamo ukhiqiza i-current yesibili engu-1/40th yamanje eyinhloko. Uma i-primary current ingama-amps angu-200, owamanje wesibili uzoba ama-amps angu-5 aphephile.

Lesi silinganiso siphinde sibe nomthelela ekunembeni kwe-CT kanye nekhono layo lokusingatha umthwalo, owaziwa ngokuthi "umthwalo."Umthwalo ukuvinjelwa okuphelele (ukumelana)wemishini yokukala amamitha exhunywe ekujikeni kwesibili. I-CT kufanele ikwazi ukusekela lo mthwalo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba kwawo okucacisiwe.Njengoba ithebula elingezansi libonisa, izilinganiso ezihlukene zingaba nezilinganiso zokunemba ezihlukile.

Izilinganiso Ezitholakalayo	Ukunemba @ B0.1 / 60Hz (%)
100:5A	1.2
200:5A	0.3

Le datha ibonisa ukuthi ukukhetha i-CT enesilinganiso sokujika esifanelekile kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba kwesilinganiso okufunayo kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Nezinhlobo Eziyinhloko

Yonke i-Low Voltage Current Transformer yabelana ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi esivamile, kodwa imiklamo ehlukene ikhona ngezidingo ezithile. Ukuqonda izingxenye eziwumgogodla kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukusuka lapho, singahlola izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezici zazo eziyingqayizivele. I-Low Voltage Current Transformer yakhiwe kusukelaizingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekileezisebenza ndawonye.

I-Core, Windings, kanye ne-Insulation

Ukusebenza kwe-CT kuncike ezingxenyeni ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisebenza ngokuvumelana. Ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ehlukile futhi ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-transformer.

Ingqikithi:I-silicon steel core yakha indlela kazibuthe. Igxilisa inkambu kazibuthe ekhiqizwe i-primary current, iqinisekisa ukuthi ixhumeka ngendlela ephumelelayo namajika esibili.
Amawindi:I-CT inamasethi amabili wamawindi. Ijika elijikajikayo liphethe i-current ephezulu ezokalwa, kuyilapho ukujikajika kwesibili kunokujika okuningi kwentambo ukukhiqiza intambo eyehlayo, ephephile.
I-Insulation:Le nto ihlukanisa ama-windings kusuka kumgogodla kanye nomunye nomunye. Ivimbela izikhindi zikagesi futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside kwedivayisi.

Uhlobo Lwenxeba

I-CT yohlobo lwesilonda ihlanganisa ukujikajika okuyinhloko okuhlanganisa ukujika okukodwa noma amaningi afakwe unomphela kumongo. Lo mklamo uzimele. Isekhethi yamanje ephezulu ixhuma ngqo kumatheminali alokhu kuphenduka okuyinhloko. Onjiniyela basebenzisa ama-CTs ohlobo lwesilondaukulinganisa okunembile nokuvikela amasistimu kagesi. Zivame ukukhethwaizinhlelo ze-high-voltage lapho ukunemba nokuthembeka kubalulekile.

Uhlobo lwe-Toroidal (Iwindi).

Uhlobo lwe-toroidal noma "iwindi" luwumklamo ovame kakhulu. Ifaka umongo omise okwe-donut ogoqelwe kuphela umphetho wesibili. Umqhubi oyinhloko akayona ingxenye ye-CT ngokwayo. Kunalokho, ikhebuli yamanje ephezulu noma ibha yebhasi idlula endaweni emaphakathi, noma "efasiteleni," esebenza njengokujikajika okukodwa okuyisisekelo.

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-Toroidal CTs:Lo mklamo unikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo, okuhlanganisa:

Ukusebenza okuphezulu, ngokuvamile phakathi95% kanye 99%.

Ukwakhiwa okuhlangene nokungasindi.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI) okuncishisiwe kwezingxenye eziseduze.

Ukuvungama okuphansi kakhulu kwemishini, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthule.

Uhlobo Lwebha

I-transformer yamanje yohlobo lwebha idizayini ethile lapho ukujikajika okuyinhloko kuyingxenye ebalulekile yedivayisi ngokwayo. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa ibha, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngethusi noma i-aluminium, edlula phakathi nendawo emaphakathi. Le bar isebenza njenge-umqhubi oyinhloko wejika elilodwa. Yonke inhlangano ifakwe ngaphakathi kwebhokisi eliqinile, elivalekile, okulenza libe iyunithi eliqinile futhi elizimele.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-CT yohlobo lwebha kugxile ekuthembekeni nasekuphepheni, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amandla. Izinto zayo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

Umqhubi Oyinhloko:Idivayisi ifaka ibha evaleke ngokuphelele esebenza njengendawo yokusonta eyinhloko. Lokhu kufakwa, okuvamise ukubumba inhlaka noma ishubhu lephepha elibhakwayo, kuvikela kuma-voltage aphezulu.
Umoya Wesibili:Ukujikajika kwesibili okunamajika amaningi ocingo kugoqwe indikimba yensimbi elaminate. Lo mklamo unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kazibuthe futhi uqinisekisa ukuguqulwa okunembile kwamanje.
Ingqikithi:Umongo uqondisa inkambu kazibuthe ukusuka kubha eyinhloko ukuya kumajika esibili, okuvumela inqubo yokungeniswa.

Inzuzo Yokufaka:Inzuzo enkulu ye-bar-type Low Voltage Current Transformer ukufakwa kwayo okuqondile. Idizayinelwe ukukhwezwa okuqondile kumabhasi, okwenza ukusetha kube lula futhi kunciphise amaphutha ezintambo angaba khona. Amanye amamodeli aze afake i-ai-split-core noma ukucushwa kwe-clamp-on. Lokhu kuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bafake i-CT eduze kwebha yebhasi ekhona ngaphandle kokunqamula ugesi, okuyenza ifaneleke ukubuyisela kabusha amaphrojekthi.

Idizayini yabo ehlangene futhi ehlala isikhathi eside ibenza bafaneleke kahle indawo evalekile futhi enzima etholakala ngaphakathi kwama-switchgear namaphaneli okusabalalisa amandla.

Isexwayiso Esibalulekile Sokuphepha: Ungalokothi Uvule-Isekhethi Yesibili

Umthetho oyisisekelo ulawula ukuphathwa okuphephile kwanoma iyiphi i-transformer yamanje. Ochwepheshe nonjiniyela akumele bavumele ukujikajika kwesibili ukuthi kuvuleleke ngenkathi okwamanje kugeleza ku-conductor oyinhloko. Amatheminali esibili kufanele ahlale exhunywe emthwalweni (umthwalo wawo) noma abe yi-short-circuited. Ukunganaki lo mthetho kudala isimo esiyingozi kakhulu.

Umthetho Wegolide we-CTs:Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi isekethe yesibili ivaliwe ngaphambi kokunika amandla okuyinhloko. Uma kufanele ukhiphe imitha noma udlulise imali kusekethe esebenzayo, finyeza amatheminali esibili e-CT kuqala.

Ukuqonda i-physics ngemuva kwalesi sixwayiso kuveza ubulukhuni bengozi. Ekusebenzeni okuvamile, owamanje wesibili udala inkambu ephikisayo ephikisana nenkundla kazibuthe eyinhloko. Lokhu kuphikisa kugcina ukuguquguquka kazibuthe enkabeni kusezingeni eliphansi, eliphephile.

Lapho u-opharetha enqamula eyesibili emthwalweni wayo, isifunda siyavuleka. Ijika lesibili manje lizama ukushayela i-current yakho kulokho okuyi-animpedance engapheli, noma ukumelana. Lesi senzo sibangela inkambu kazibuthe ephikisayo ukuthi igoqe. I-flux yamagnetic yamanje ayisakhanseliwe, futhi ikhula ngokushesha kumongo, iqhubekisela indawo emaphakathi ekugcwaleni okukhulu.

Le nqubo idala i-voltage ephezulu eyingozi kumajika esibili. Lo mkhuba uvela ngezinyathelo ezihlukile phakathi nomjikelezo we-AC ngamunye:

I-current eyinhloko engaphikiswa idala i-flux kazibuthe enkulu enkabeni, ibangele ukuthi igcwale.
Njengoba i-AC eyinhloko yamanje idlula kuziro kabili ngomjikelezo ngamunye, ukugeleza kazibuthe kufanele kushintshe ngokushesha ukusuka ekugcwaleni kwesigcawu kuya ohlangothini olulodwa ukuya ekugcwalisweni kwelinye icala.
Lolu shintsho olushesha ngendlela emangalisayo ku-flux kazibuthe ludala i-voltage ephezulu kakhulu kumajika esibili.

Lo mandla kagesi awushintshile; kuwuchungechunge lweziqongo ezicijile noma ama-crests. Lawa ma-voltage spikes angafinyelela kalulaizinkulungwane eziningana volts. Amandla aphezulu anjalo aveza izingozi eziningi ezinzima.

Ingozi Yokwethuka Kakhulu:Ukuthintana ngqo namatheminali esibili kungabangela ukushaqeka kukagesi okubulalayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Insulation:I-voltage ephezulu ingabhubhisa i-insulation ngaphakathi kwe-transformer yamanje, okuholela ekuhlulekeni unomphela.
Ukulimala Kwensimbi:Noma yiziphi izisetshenziswa zokuqapha ezixhunyiwe ezingaklanyelwe amandla kagesi aphezulu kangako zizolimala ngokushesha.
I-Arcing nomlilo:I-voltage ingabangela i-arc ukuthi yakheke phakathi kwamatheminali esibili, okwenza kube yingozi enkulu yomlilo kanye nokuqhuma.

Ukuvimbela lezi zingozi, abasebenzi kufanele balandele izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile lapho besebenza ne-Low Voltage Current Transformer.

Izinqubo Zokuphatha Ngokuphephile:

Qinisekisa ukuthi Isekhethi ivaliwe:Ngaphambi kokunika amandla isekethe eyinhloko, qinisekisa njalo ukuthi ukujikajika kwesibili kwe-CT kuxhunywe emthwalweni wayo (amamitha, ama-relay) noma inomjikelezo omfushane ngokuvikelekile.

Sebenzisa i-Shorting Blocks:Ukufakwa okuningi kuhlanganisa amabhulokhi etheminali anamaswishi ashunqayo akhelwe ngaphakathi. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngendlela ephephile nethembekile yokufinyeza okwesibili ngaphambi kokusevisa noma imaphi amathuluzi axhunyiwe.

Ifushane Ngaphambi Kokunqamula:Uma kufanele ukhiphe insimbi kusisekethe esinamandla, sebenzisa i-jumper wire ukuze ufinyeze amatheminali esibili e-CT.ngaphambiliukunqamula ithuluzi.

Susa Okufushane Ngemva Kokuxhuma kabusha:Susa kuphela i-short jumperngemvaithuluzi lixhunywe kabusha ngokugcwele kumjikelezo wesibili.

Ukunamathela kulawa maphrothokholi akuyona inketho. Kubalulekile ukuvikela abasebenzi, ukuvikela ukulimala kwemishini, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele kohlelo lukagesi.

Izicelo kanye Nemibandela Yokukhetha

Ama-voltage aphansi ashintshashintshayo ayingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi zanamuhla. Izicelo zabo zisukela ekuqaphelweni okulula kuya ekuvikelweni kwesistimu okubalulekile. Ukukhetha i-CT efanele yomsebenzi othile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba, ukuphepha, nokwethembeka.

Izicelo Ezivamile Kumasethingi Ezentengiso Nezimboni

Onjiniyela basebenzisa ama-CTs kakhulu ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nezimboni zokuqapha nokuphatha amandla. Ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, amasistimu okuqapha amandla ancike kuma-CTs ukukala ama-high alternating currents ngokuphephile. I-current high igeleza ku-conductor oyinhloko, idale insimu kazibuthe. Le nkambu idonsa amandla amancane kakhulu, alinganayo kumajika esibili, imitha engafunda kalula. Le nqubo inika amandla abaphathi bezikhungo ukuthi balandelele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokunembile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nalezicommercial kWh inetha imitha ku-120V noma 240V.

Kungani Ukukhetha I-CT Elungile Kubalulekile

Ukukhetha i-CT efanele kuthinta ngokuqondile kokubili ukunemba kwezimali nokuphepha kokusebenza. I-CT enosayizi ongalungile noma enesilinganiso esingalungile yethula izinkinga ezibalulekile.

⚠️Ukunemba Kuthinta Inkokhelo:I-CT inebanga lokusebenza elilungile. Sebenzisa kuimithwalo ephansi kakhulu noma ephezulu inyusa iphutha lokulinganisa. Aniphutha lokunemba elingu-0.5% kuphelaizobangela ukuba izibalo zenkokhelo zisuswe ngenani elifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha kwe-engeli yesigaba okwethulwe yi-CT kungahlanekezela ukufundwa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ezicini zamandla aphansi, okuholela ekuqhubekeni nokunemba kwenkokhelo.

Ukukhetha okungalungile nakho kulimaza ukuphepha. Ngesikhathi sephutha, aI-CT ingangena ku-saturation, ihlanekezele isignali yayo yokuphumayo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ama-relay avikelayo angasebenzi ngezindlela ezimbili eziyingozi:

Ukwehluleka Ukusebenza:I-relay ingase ingaliboni iphutha langempela, ivumele inkinga ukuthi ikhule futhi ilimaze amathuluzi.
Ukuhamba Kwamanga:I-relay ingase ihumushe kabi isignali futhi ibangele ukucisha kukagesi okungadingekile.

Izilinganiso Ezijwayelekile Namazinga

Yonke i-Low Voltage Current Transformer inezilinganiso ezithile ezichaza ukusebenza kwayo. Izilinganiso eziyinhloko zifaka isilinganiso sokuphenduka, isigaba sokunemba, nomthwalo. Umthwalo uwumthwalo ophelele (i-impedance) oxhunywe kwesesibili, okuhlanganisa amamitha, ama-relay, kanye nocingo ngokwalo. I-CT kumele ikwazi ukunika amandla lo mthwalo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba.

Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ziyahluka ekulinganisweni nasekuvikeleni (ukudlulisa kabusha) izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.

Uhlobo lwe-CT	Ukucaciswa Okujwayelekile	Iyunithi Yomthwalo	Ukubalwa komthwalo ku-Ohms (5A yesibili)
Ukulinganisa kwe-CT	0.2 B 0.5	Ohms	0.5 ohm
Ukudlulisa i-CT	10 C400	Ama-volts	4.0 ohm

Umthwalo we-CT yokulinganisa ukalwe ngama-ohms, kuyilapho umthwalo we-CT edlulisa uchazwa amandla kagesi engayiletha izikhathi ezingu-20 zamanje ezilinganiselwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-CT yokudlulisa ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokunembile ngaphansi kwezimo zephutha.

I-low voltage current transformer iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula uhlelo lwamandla. Ikala ngokuphephile amaza ashintshashintshayo aphezulu ngokuwehlisa enani elilinganayo, eliphansi. Ukusebenza kwedivayisi kuncike ezimisweni zokungeniswa kuka-electromagnetic kanye nesilinganiso sokuphenduka okumazombezombe.

Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo:

Umthetho wokuphepha obaluleke kakhulu owokuthi ungalokothi uvule isekethe yesibili ngenkathi eyokuqala inamandla, njengoba lokhu kudala ama-voltage aphezulu ayingozi.

Ukukhetha okufanele okusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza, ukunemba, kanye nezilinganiso kubalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kohlelo lonke.

FAQ

Ingabe i-CT ingasetshenziswa kusekethe ye-DC?

Cha, ai-transformer yamanjeayikwazi ukusebenza kwisekethe yamanje (DC) eqondile. I-CT idinga inkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo ekhiqizwe i-alternating current (AC) ukuze ihehe i-current kumajika ayo esibili. Isekethe ye-DC ikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe engaguquki, evimbela ukungeniswa.

Kwenzekani uma kusetshenziswa isilinganiso esingalungile se-CT?

Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esingalungile se-CT kuholela kumaphutha abalulekile okulinganisa kanye nezinkinga zokuphepha ezingaba khona.

Inkokhelo Engalungile:Ukufundwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kuzobe kungalungile.
Ukuhluleka Kokuvikela:Ama-relay avikelayo angase angasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi sephutha, kubeke engcupheni ukulimala kwemishini.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-metering kanye ne-CT edluliswayo?

I-CT yokulinganisa ihlinzeka ngokunemba okuphezulu ngaphansi kwemithwalo yamanje evamile ngezinjongo zokukhokha. I-CT yokudlulisa iklanyelwe ukuthi ihlale inembile phakathi nezimo zamaphutha aphezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivaysi avikelayo athola isignali ethembekile yokuhamba isekethe futhi avimbele umonakalo osabalele.

Kungani isekethe yesibili ifushaniswa ukuze iphephe?

Ukunciphisa okwesibili kunikeza indlela ephephile, ephelele yamanje owenziwe. Isekhethi yesibili evulekile ayinandawo lapho ongaya khona. Lesi simo sibangela i-CT ukuthi ikhiqize ama-voltage aphezulu kakhulu, ayingozi angabangela ukushaqeka okubulalayo kanyebhubhisa i-transformer.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-05-2025

Iyini i-Low Voltage Current Transformer futhi Isebenza Kanjani?