Ukuchaza iSigaba esiThathu soTshintsho lwangoku kunye neemeko zayo eziqhelekileyo

AIsiguquli sangoku sesiGaba esiThathuisebenza kwimigaqo esisiseko ye-electromagnetism ukufezekisa umsebenzi wayo. Uyilo lwayo lulula kodwa lusebenza kakhulu ukujonga ngokukhuselekileyo iinkqubo zombane ezinamandla. Ukuqonda ukusebenza kwayo kwangaphakathi kubonisa ukuba kutheni ilitye lembombo lolawulo lwegridi yamandla.

Imigaqo yokuSebenza enguNdoqo

Ukusebenza kwe-transformer yangoku kulawulwa yi-electromagnetic induction, umgaqo ochazwe nguUmthetho kaFaraday. Le nkqubo ivumela umlinganiselo wangoku ngaphandle koxhumo oluthe ngqo lombane phakathi kwe-high-voltage primary circuit kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa.Lonke ulandelelwano lutyhileka kumanyathelo aphambili ambalwa:

1. I-primary current ephezulu ihamba nge-conductor ephambili (ikhoyili ephambili).
2. Le yangoku ivelisa intsimi yamagnetic ehambelanayo ngaphakathi kwentsimbi ye-transformer's core.
3. Iundoqo wemagnethiikhokela lo tshintsho lwemagnethi kwikhoyili yesibini.
4. Intsimi yamagnetic ibangela ukuba kuncinci kakhulu, ukulinganisa okwangoku kwikhoyili yesibini.
5. Lo mjelo wesibini ke ngoko utyiswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimitha, iireyilayi, okanye iinkqubo zokulawula umlinganiselo nohlalutyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezigaba ezithathu, ifowuni iqulethe iiseti ezintathu zeekhoyili kunye neecores. Olu lwakhiwo luvumela ukulinganisa kwangaxeshanye kunye nokuzimela kwangoku kwingcingo nganye yezigaba ezintathu.

Ulwakhiwo kunye naMalungu aPhambili

I-transformer yangoku iquka amacandelo amathathu aphambili: i-primary winding, i-winding yesibini, kunye ne-core magnetic.

• Ukuvuthuza okuPhambili: Lo ngumqhubi ophethe umsinga ophezulu ofuna ukulinganiswa. Kuyilo oluninzi (i-bar-type CTs), eyona nto iphambili yinkqubo yebhasi yebhasi okanye intambo edlula embindini we-transformer.
• Ukujija okwesibini: Oku kuquka iinguqu ezininzi zocingo oluncinane lwegeyiji olusongelwe kumbindi wemagnethi. Ivelisa umsinga oncitshisiweyo, onokulinganiswa.
• IMagnetic Core: Undoqo licandelo elibalulekileyo eligxininisa kwaye liqondise i-magnetic field ukusuka kwiprayimari ukuya kwi-winding yesibini. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa undoqo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kwe-transformer kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphambili kubalulekileukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka komqondiso. Iziguquli ezichanekileyo eziphezulu zisebenzisa izinto ezikhethekileyo ukuphumeza ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Inqaku lokuchaneka:Ehlabathini lokwenyani, akukho transformer igqibelele.Iimpazamo zinokuvela kwizinto ezininzi. I-excitation yangoku efunekayo ukwenza imagneti engundoqo inokubangela ukunxaxha kwesigaba kunye nobukhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa i-CT ngaphandle komthwalo wayo olinganisiweyo, ngakumbi kwimisinga ephantsi kakhulu okanye ephezulu, kwandisa impazamo yokulinganisa. Ukuzaliswa kwemagnethi, apho undoqo ungasakwazi ukujongana ne-magnetic flux, ikwakhokelela ekungachanekiyo okubalulekileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha leempazamo.

Ukubaluleka kweReyishini yokujika

Umlinganiselo wokujika yintliziyo yemathematika yesiguquli sangoku. Ichaza unxulumano phakathi komsinga wokujija okuphambili kunye nomsinga wokujija okwesibini. Umlinganiselo ubalwa ngokwahlula i-primary current ngokulinganiselweyo ngoku.

Umyinge wangoku weTransformer (CTR) = Primary Current (Ip) / Secondary Current (Is)

Lo mlinganiso umiselwa linani lokujika kocingo kwikhoyili nganye. Ngokomzekelo, i-CT ene-400: i-5 ratio iya kuvelisa i-5A yangoku kwicala layo lesibini xa i-400A ihamba ngomqhubi oyintloko. Lo msebenzi wokwehla uqikelelwa usisiseko kwinjongo yawo. Iguqula umsinga onobungozi, ophezulu ube ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo, ophantsi okhuselekileyo kwizixhobo zokulinganisa ukuphatha. Ukukhetha umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokujika ungqamane nomthwalo olindelekileyo wesistim kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka nokhuseleko.

IsiGaba esiThathu ngokuchasene neSigaba esinye seziGuquli zangoku

Ukukhetha ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo lwangoku lwe-transformer lubalulekile kulawulo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo lwenkqubo yamandla. Isigqibo phakathi kokusebenzisa iyunithi enye yeSigaba esiThathu sangoku seTransformer okanye ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zesigaba esinye se-CTs sixhomekeke kuyilo lwenkqubo, iinjongo zesicelo, kunye nemiqobo ebonakalayo.

Umahluko ongundoqo woLwakhiwo kunye noYilo

Owona mahluko ubonakalayo ulele ekwakhiweni kwawo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nendlela abanxibelelana ngayo nababhexeshi. Aisigaba esinye CTyenzelwe ukurhangqa umqhubi wombane omnye. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-CT yesigaba sesithathu ingaba yiyunithi enye, edibeneyo apho bonke abaqhubi besigaba esithathu badlulayo, okanye inokubhekisela kwiseti yee-CTs ezintathu ezihambelana nesigaba esisodwa. Indlela nganye isebenzela injongo eyahlukileyo ekubekweni kweliso kwamandla.

Isicelo-Izinto eziluncedo ezithile

Ubumbeko ngalunye lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile. Ukusebenzisa i-CTs ezintathu ezihlukeneyo zesigaba esisodwa kunika imbono ecacileyo kunye nechanekileyo yenkqubo. Le ndlela ivumela umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wesigaba ngasinye, esibaluleke kakhulu:

• Ingeniso-Grade Billing: Ukubeka iliso kokuchaneka okuphezulu kufuna i-CT ezinikeleyo kwinqanaba ngalinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlawulwa kwamandla okufanelekileyo kunye nokuchanekileyo.
• Uhlalutyo Lomthwalo ongalungelelananga: Iinkqubo ezinomthwalo wesigaba esisodwa (njengesakhiwo sorhwebo) zihlala zinemisinga engalinganiyo kwinqanaba ngalinye. I-CTs eyahlukileyo ibamba oku kungalingani ngokuchanekileyo.

Iyunithi enye yesigaba sesithathu se-CT, ehlala isetyenziselwa intsalela okanye i-zero-sequence measurement, iyagqwesa ekuboneni iimpazamo zomhlaba ngokubona nawuphi na umahluko okhoyo kwi-current kwizigaba ezithathu.

Unokukhetha Nini Enye Ngaphezu Komnye

Ukhetho luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-wiring yenkqubo yombane kunye nenjongo yokubeka iliso.

Kwizicelo ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, okunje ngemitha yomgangatho wengeniso okanye iinkqubo zokubeka esweni ezinemithwalo enokwenzeka yokungalingani njengeziguquli zelanga, kusetyenziswa.ezintathu CTsngumgangatho. Le ndlela iphelisa uqikelelo kwaye ithintela ufundo olungachanekanga olunokuthi lwenzeke xa amandla engasetyenziswanga okanye eveliswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izigaba.

Nazi izikhokelo ngokubanzi:

• IsiGaba esiThathu, iiNkqubo ze-4-Wire Wye: Ezi nkqubo, ezibandakanya ucingo olungathathi hlangothi, zifuna iiCTs ezintathu zokuchaneka okupheleleyo.
• IziGaba eziNtathu, iiNkqubo zeDelta zocingo ezi-3: Ezi nkqubo ziswele ucingo olungathathi hlangothi. IiCTs ezimbini zihlala zanele umlinganiselo, njengoko kuchaziweIthiyori kaBlondel.
• I-Balanced vs. Imithwalo engalungelelananga: Nangona ukufundwa kwe-CT eyodwa kunokuphindaphindwa kumthwalo olungeleleneyo ngokugqibeleleyo, le ndlela ingenisa iimpazamo ukuba umthwalo awulingani. Kwizixhobo ezifana neeyunithi ze-HVAC, ezomisi, okanye iipaneli ezincinci, soloko usebenzisa i-CT kumqhubi ngamnye onamandla.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwesistim kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka kuya kukhokelela kuqwalaselo oluchanekileyo lweCT.

Ingaba iSigaba esiThathu sesiGuquli sangoku sisetyenziswa nini?

AIsiguquli sangoku sesiGaba esiThathuyinxalenye yesiseko kwiinkqubo zombane zanamhlanje. Usetyenziso lwayo lunabela ngaphaya komlinganiselo olula. Ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka kwezimali, ukukhusela izixhobo ezibiza imali eninzi, kunye nokwenza ulawulo lwamandla olukrelekrele kuwo onke amacandelo emizi-mveliso, ezorhwebo, kunye nawoncedo.

NgeMetering ye-Eneji echanekileyo kunye ne-Billing

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nabaphathi bamaziko baxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yamandla echanekileyo ukuze kuhlawulwe. Kwiindawo ezinkulu zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino, apho ukusetyenziswa kombane kuninzi, nokuba ukungachaneki okuncinci kunokukhokelela ekungahambelani okukhulu kwemali.Iinguqu zangokunika ukuchaneka okuyimfuneko kulo msebenzi ubalulekileyo. Banciphisa imisinga ephezulu ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba iimitha zebakala lengeniso zinokurekhoda ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.

Ukuchaneka kwezi ziguquli azikho ngqiqweni. Ilawulwa yimigangatho engqongqo yamazwe ngamazwe eqinisekisa ubulungisa kunye nokuhambelana kwimitha yombane. Imigangatho ephambili ibandakanya:

• ANSI/IEEE C57.13: Umgangatho osetyenziswa ngokubanzi e-United States kuzo zombini i-metering kunye nokukhusela ii-transformers zangoku.
• I-ANSI C12.1-2024: Le yikhowudi ephambili yokulinganisa umbane e-US, ichaza iimfuno zokuchaneka kweemitha.
• Iiklasi ze-IEC: Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-IEC 61869 ichaza iiklasi zokuchaneka ezifana ne-0.1, 0.2, kunye ne-0.5 ngeenjongo zokuhlawula. Ezi klasi zichaza eyona mpazamo iphezulu evumelekileyo.

Inqaku kuMgangatho waMandla:Ngaphaya kobukhulu bangoku, le migangatho ikwajongana nempazamo ye-engile yesigaba. Umlinganiselo wesigaba ochanekileyo ubalulekile ekubaleni amandla asebenzayo kunye nomba wamandla, wona angamacandelo abaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwale mihla lokuhlawula.

NgoKhuseleko oluGqibeleleyo kunye neFault

Ukukhusela iinkqubo zombane emonakalweni ngomnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-transformer yangoku. Iimpazamo zombane, ezinje ngeesekethe ezimfutshane okanye iziphene ezisemhlabeni, zinokuvelisa imisinga emikhulu etshabalalisa izixhobo kwaye zidale iingozi ezinzulu zokhuseleko. Inkqubo epheleleyo yokukhusela i-overcurrent isebenza kunye ukukhusela oku.

Le nkqubo inendawo ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Iinguqu zangoku (CTs): Ezi zizivamvo. Bahlala bebeka esweni ukuhamba ngoku ukuya kwizixhobo ezikhuselweyo.
2. IiRelay eziKhuselekileyo: Yingqondo le. Ifumana umqondiso kwiiCTs kwaye ithatha isigqibo sokuba ngaba ikhoyo ngoku iphezulu ngokuyingozi.
3. Abaqhekezi beSekethe: Ngumsipha lo. Ifumana umyalelo wohambo oluvela kwi-relay kwaye ikhuphe ngokomzimba isiphaluka ukumisa impazamo.

I-CTs idibaniswe kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-relays zokubona iingxaki ezithile. Umzekelo, iUgqithiso lwangoku (OCR)iihambo xa umsinga udlula umgangatho okhuselekileyo, ukukhusela izixhobo ekugqithiseni. AnI-Earth Fault Relay (EFR)ibona ukuvuza kwangoku emhlabeni ngokulinganisa nakuphi na ukungalingani phakathi kwemisinga yesigaba. Ukuba i-CT igcwele ngexesha lesiphoso, inokuphazamisa isignali ethunyelwe kwi-relay, enokubangela ukuba inkqubo yokukhusela ingaphumeleli. Ngoko ke, i-CTs yeklasi yokukhusela yenzelwe ukuba ihlale ichanekile naphantsi kweemeko ezimbi kakhulu.

Kuba Intelligent Load Monitoring kunye noLawulo

Amashishini anamhlanje ahamba ngaphaya kokhuseleko olulula kunye nokuhlawula. Ngoku basebenzisa idatha yombane kwiingqiqo zokusebenza eziphambili kunyeukugcinwa kwangaphambili. Abaguquli bangoku bangowona mthombo wedatha ophambili kwezi nkqubo zikrelekrele. Ngokucinezelaii-CTs ezingathinteliyokwiintambo zamandla enjini, iinjineli zinokufumana iimpawu zombane ezineenkcukacha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.

Le datha yenza isicwangciso sogcino esiqikelelweyo esinamandla:

• Ukufunyanwa kweDatha: Ii-CTs zibamba idatha yangoku ekrwada koomatshini abasebenzayo.
• Ukwenziwa Kwemiqondiso: Ii-algorithms ezikhethekileyo ziqhuba le miqondiso yombane ukukhupha iimpawu ezibonisa impilo yomatshini.
• Uhlalutyo oluhlakaniphile: Ngokuhlalutya ezi zisayinwe zombane ekuhambeni kwexesha, iinkqubo zinokwenza "iwele ledijithali" lemoto. Le modeli yedijithali inceda ukuqikelela imiba ekhulayo ngaphambi kokuba ibangele ukusilela.

Olu hlalutyo lwedatha ye-CT lunokuchonga uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki zoomatshini kunye nombane, kubandakanya:

• Ukuthwala iimpazamo
• Imivalo yerotor eyaphukileyo
• I-air-gap eccentricity
• Ulungelelwaniso lomatshini

Le ndlela isebenzayo ivumela amaqela olondolozo ukuba enze ishedyuli yokulungisa, ukucwangcisa iinxalenye, kunye nokuphepha ixesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga elibiza kakhulu, ukuguqula i-transformer yangoku ukusuka kwisixhobo esilula sokulinganisa ibe yinto ephambili yokwenza amaphulo e-smart factory.

Indlela yokukhetha i-CT yeSigaba esiThathu esiLungileyo

Ukukhetha iSigaba esiThathu esichanekileyo isiGuquli saNgoku sibalulekile ekuthembekeni kwenkqubo kunye nokuchaneka. Iinjineli kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo iimfuno ezithile zesicelo, kubandakanya iimfuno ezichanekileyo, umthwalo wenkqubo, kunye nemiqobo yofakelo ebonakalayo. Inkqubo yokukhetha ngononophelo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kokulinganisa, ukukhuselwa, kunye nokubeka iliso.

Ukuqonda Iiklasi Zokuchaneka

Abaguquli bangoku bahlelwe kwiiklasi zokuchanekaukulinganisa okanye ukhuseleko. Iklasi nganye isebenzela injongo eyahlukileyo, kwaye ukusebenzisa engalunganga kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwemali okanye umonakalo wezixhobo.

• Ii-CTs zokulinganisabonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kokuhlawula kunye nohlalutyo lomthwalo phantsi kwemisinga eqhelekileyo yokusebenza.
• IiCTs zoKhuselekozakhiwe ukuze zimelane nemisinga ephezulu ephosakeleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iireyidi zokukhusela zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo.

Impazamo eqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-CT yokulinganisa i-high-precision yokukhusela. Ezi CTs zinokugcwala ngexesha lesiphoso, esithintela i-relay ekufumaneni umqondiso ochanekileyo kunye nokukhubeka i-breaker circuit ngexesha.

Inqaku elikuBanzi-Banzi:Ukuchaza iudidi okanye umthamo wokuchaneka okuphezulu ngokungeyomfunekoinokunyusa kakhulu ixabiso kunye nobukhulu. I-CT enkulu kakhulu inokuba nzima ukuyenza kwaye phantse ingenzeki ukuba ingene ngaphakathi kwesixhobo sokutshintsha esiqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ibe lukhetho olungenzekiyo.

Ukutshatisa i-CT Ratio kwi-System Load

Umlinganiselo weCT kufuneka uhambelane nomthwalo olindelekileyo wesixokelelwano sombane. Umlinganiselo wobungakanani obufanelekileyo uqinisekisa ukuba i-CT isebenza phakathi koluhlu oluchanekileyo. Indlela elula inceda ukumisela umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wenjini:

1. Fumana i-amperes yomthwalo ogcweleyo wemoto (FLA) kwi-nameplate yayo.
2. Phindaphinda-phinda i-FLA ngo-1.25 ukuze uphendule iimeko zokugqithiswa.
3. Khetha umlinganiselo osondeleyo we-CT oqhelekileyo kweli xabiso libaliweyo.

Umzekelo, i-motor ene-FLA ye-330A iya kufuna ukubalwa kwe330A * 1.25 = 412.5A. Owona mlinganiselo usondeleyo womgangatho uya kuba ngama-400:5.Ukukhetha umlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu kuya kunciphisa ukuchaneka kwimithwalo ephantsi.Umlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu unokubangela ukuba i-CT ihluthe ngexesha leempazamo, iinkqubo zokukhusela ezibeka esichengeni.

Ukukhetha iFactor yoMzimba eLungileyo

Ifom yenyama ye-transformer yangoku yesigaba sesithathu ixhomekeke kwindawo yokufakela. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ziyi-slid-core kunye ne-split-core.

• Ii-CTs eziqinileyoube nelophu evaliweyo. Abafakeli kufuneka bakhuphe i-conductor ephambili ukuyithungela kumbindi. Oku kubenza balungele ulwakhiwo olutsha apho umbane unokuvalwa khona.
• Ukwahlula-ngundoqo CTsinokuvulwa kwaye ibotshwe kwi-conductor. Olu luyilo lugqibelele ekubuyiseleni kwakhona iinkqubo ezikhoyo kuba ayifuni ukucinywa kwamandla.

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi ntlobo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ufakelo olutsha okanye i-retrofit kwaye ukuba ukuphazamisa amandla kuyinketho.

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I-transformer yangoku yesigaba sesithathu sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulinganisa ngokukhuselekileyo okwangoku kwiinkqubo zesigaba sesithathu. Izicelo zayo eziphambili ziqinisekisa ukuhlawula okuchanekileyo kwamandla, ukukhusela izixhobo ngokufumanisa iimpazamo, kunye nokwenza ukuba ulawulo lwamandla ahlakaniphile. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo olusekelwe ekuchanekeni, umlinganiselo, kunye nefom factor ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo ethembekileyo nekhuselekileyo.

Ukujonga Phambili: IiCTs zale mihla ezineiteknoloji ehlakaniphilekwayeuyilo lwemodyulizenza iinkqubo zamandla zisebenze ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwabo kuhlala kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni okuchanekileyo kunyeiindlela zofakelo ezikhuselekileyo.

FAQ

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba isekondari yeCT ishiywe ivuliwe?

Isekethe yesibini evulekileyo yenza ingozi enkulu. Ibangela amandla ombane aphezulu kakhulu kwiitheminali zesibini. La mandla ombane angonakalisa ukugquma kwe-transformer kwaye ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kubasebenzi. Ngalo lonke ixesha qinisekisa ukuba isiphaluka sesibini sifutshane okanye siqhagamshelwe kumthwalo.

Ngaba i-CT enye ingasetyenziselwa zombini ukulinganisa kunye nokukhusela?

Ayikhuthazwa. Iimitha ze-CTs zifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwimithwalo eqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-CTs yokukhusela kufuneka isebenze ngokuthembekileyo ngexesha leempazamo eziphezulu. Ukusebenzisa i-CT enye kuzo zombini iinjongo kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwentlawulo okanye ukhuseleko lwezixhobo, njengoko uyilo lwazo lusebenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Yintoni i-CT saturation?

Ukugcwalisa kwenzeka xa i-CT's core ingakwazi ukuphatha amandla ombane amaninzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lempazamo enkulu. I-transformer emva koko iyasilela ukuvelisa i-proportional secondary current. Oku kukhokelela kwimilinganiselo engachanekanga kwaye kunokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kokhuseleko ekusebenzeni ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lesiganeko esibalulekileyo.

Kutheni imisinga yesibini ilungelelaniswe ukuya ku-1A okanye ku-5A?

Ukulinganisa imisinga yesibini kwi-1A okanye i-5A iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana. Ivumela iimitha kunye neelayidi ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ukuba basebenze kunye ngaphandle komthungo. Olu qheliselo lwenza lula uyilo lwenkqubo, ukutshintshwa kwecandelo, kwaye lukhuthaze ukuhambelana kwehlabathi lonke kushishino lombane.