Abaphandi abavela kwi-NTNU bakhanyisa izinto ezinomtsalane ngezikali ezincinci ngokwenza iimuvi ngoncedo lwee-X-rays ezikhanya kakhulu.
U-Erik Folven, umlawuli-mnye weqela le-oxide electronics kwiSebe leeNkqubo ze-Electronic le-NTNU, kunye noogxa bakhe abavela kwi-NTNU nakwiYunivesithi yaseGhent eBelgium baqalise ukubona indlela ii-micromagnets zefilimu encinci ezitshintsha ngayo xa ziphazanyiswa yintsimi yemagnethi yangaphandle. Lo msebenzi, oxhaswe ngokuyinxenye yi-NTNU Nano kunye neBhunga loPhando laseNorway, upapashwe kwijenali iPhysical Review Research.
Iimagnethi ezincinci
U-Einar Standal Digernes wasungula iimagnethi ezincinci zesikwere ezisetyenzisiweyo kolu vavanyo.
Iimagnethi ezincinci zesikwere, ezenziwe yi-NTNU Ph.D. candidate Einar Standal Digernes, zinobubanzi obuzii-micrometer ezimbini kuphela kwaye zahlulwe zaba zii-domain ezine eziziinxantathu, nganye ine-orientation eyahlukileyo yemagnethi ejonge kwicala lewotshi okanye ngokuchasene newotshi ejikeleze iimagnethi.
Kwizinto ezithile zemagnethi, amaqela amancinci ee-athomu ayadibana abe ziindawo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-domains, apho zonke ii-electron zine-orientation efanayo yemagnethi.
Kwiimagnethi ze-NTNU, ezi domains zidibana kwindawo ephakathi—i-vortex core—apho umzuzu wemagnethi ukhomba ngqo ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwendiza yezinto.
“Xa sisebenzisa amandla emagnethi, uninzi lwala macandelo luya kubhekisa kwicala elinye,” utshilo uFolven. “Anokukhula aze anciphe, aze emva koko adibane abe mnye nomnye.”
Ii-electron ziphantse zifikelele kwisantya sokukhanya
Ukubona oku kusenzeka akulula. Abaphandi bathatha ii-micromagnets zabo bazisa kwi-synchrotron enobubanzi obuyi-80m, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-BESSY II, eBerlin, apho ii-electron zikhawuleziswa khona zide zihambe ngesantya sokukhanya. Ezo electron zihamba ngokukhawuleza emva koko zikhupha ii-X-rays ezikhanyayo kakhulu.
“Sithatha ezi X-reyi size sizisebenzise njengokukhanya kwimakroskopu yethu,” utshilo uFolven.
Ngenxa yokuba ii-electron zihambahamba zijikeleze i-synchrotron ngamaqoqo ahlukaniswe zii-nanoseconds ezimbini, ii-X-ray ezizikhuphayo ziza ngee-pulses ezichanekileyo.
I-scanning transmission X-ray microscope, okanye i-STXM, ithatha ezo X-rays ukuze zenze umfanekiso wesakhiwo semagnethi sezinto. Ngokudibanisa ezi fotos, abaphandi banokwenza ifilimu ebonisa indlela i-micromagnet etshintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ngoncedo lwe-STXM, uFolven kunye noogxa bakhe baphazamisa ii-micromagnets zabo nge-pulse yombane eyavelisa i-magnetic field, baza babona ii-domains zitshintsha imo kunye ne-vortex core isuka embindini.
“Unemagnethi encinci kakhulu, uze uyiqhoboshele uzame ukuyifota njengoko iphinda izinza,” utshilo. Emva koko, babona umongo ubuyela embindini—kodwa ngendlela egobileyo, kungekhona umgca othe tye.
“Iza kudanisa ize ibuyele embindini,” utshilo uFolven.
Ukutyibilika kube kanye kwaye kuphelile
Kungenxa yokuba bafunda ngezinto ze-epitaxial, ezenziwe phezu kwe-substrate evumela abaphandi ukuba balungise iimpawu zezinto, kodwa zingathintela ii-X-ray kwi-STXM.
Besebenza kwi-NTNU NanoLab, abaphandi basombulule ingxaki ye-substrate ngokungcwaba i-micromagnet yabo phantsi komaleko wekhabhoni ukukhusela iimpawu zayo zemagnethi.
Emva koko basusa ngononophelo nangokuchanekileyo i-substrate engaphantsi ngomqadi ogxileyo wee-ion ze-gallium de kwasala umaleko omncinci kakhulu. Inkqubo enzima ingathatha iiyure ezisibhozo kwisampulu nganye—kwaye ukutyibilika kube kanye kunokukhokelela kwintlekele.
“Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba uyayibulala imagnetism, asiyi kuyazi loo nto ngaphambi kokuba sihlale eBerlin,” utshilo. “Icebo, ewe, kukuzisela iisampulu ezingaphezu kwesinye.”
Ukusuka kwifiziksi esisiseko ukuya kwizixhobo ezizayo
Ngethamsanqa isebenzile, kwaye iqela lisebenzise iisampulu zalo ezilungiselelwe ngononophelo ukubonisa indlela ii-domains ze-micromagnet ezikhula kwaye zincipha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Bakwadale nee-simulations zekhompyutha ukuze baqonde ngcono ukuba zeziphi iimandla ezisebenzayo.
Ngaphandle kokuphucula ulwazi lwethu ngefiziksi esisiseko, ukuqonda indlela imagnetism esebenza ngayo kwezi zigaba zide nezide kunokuba luncedo ekudaleni izixhobo zexesha elizayo.
I-Magneticism sele isetyenziswa ukugcina idatha, kodwa abaphandi okwangoku bafuna iindlela zokuyisebenzisa ngakumbi. Iindlela zemagnethi ze-vortex core kunye neendawo ze-micromagnet, umzekelo, zingasetyenziswa ukufaka ikhowudi yolwazi ngendlela ye-0s kunye ne-1s.
Abaphandi ngoku bajonge ukuphinda lo msebenzi ngezinto ezichasene ne-ferromagnetic, apho isiphumo sexesha ngalinye le-magnetic sirhoxiswa. Ezi zithembisayo xa kufikwa kwikhompyutha—kwithiyori, izinto ezichasene ne-ferromagnetic zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezifuna amandla amancinci kwaye zihlale zizinzile nokuba amandla alahlekile—kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuphanda kuba imiqondiso eziyenzayo iya kuba buthathaka kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, uFolven unethemba. “Sigqibezele inkalo yokuqala ngokubonisa ukuba singenza iisampulu size sizijonge nge-X-ray,” utshilo. “Inyathelo elilandelayo liza kuba kukubona ukuba singenza iisampulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze sifumane isignali eyaneleyo kwizinto ezichasene ne-ferromagnetic.”
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-10-2021