Amakuru - Umuyoboro Mucyo Uhindura Niki kandi Bikora gute?

Guhindura ibikoresho bizwi nka aamashanyarazi make(CT) yashizweho kugirango ipime ibintu byinshi bisimburana (AC) mumuzunguruko. Iki gikoresho gikora mugutanga icyerekezo gikwiye kandi cyizewe mugihe cyacyo cya kabiri. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birashobora gupima byoroshye iyi yagabanutse. Igikorwa cyibanze cya aimpindukani Kuri Kumanuka Hejuru, Akaga. Irabahindura murwego rwumutekano, rushobora gucungwa neza mugukurikirana, gupima, no kurinda sisitemu.

Ibyingenzi

Umuvuduko mukeimpinduka(CT) ipima amashanyarazi menshi neza. Ihindura nini, iteje akaga mo akantu gato, umutekano.
CT ikora ikoresheje ibitekerezo bibiri byingenzi: magnesi akora amashanyarazi no kubara insinga zidasanzwe. Ibi bibafasha gupima amashanyarazi neza.
Harihoubwoko butandukanye bwa CT, nk'igikomere, toroidal, n'ubwoko bw'akabari. Buri bwoko buhuye nibikenewe bitandukanye mugupima amashanyarazi.
Ntuzigere uhagarika insinga ya kabiri ya CT mugihe amashanyarazi atemba. Ibi birashobora gukora voltage ndende cyane, iteje akaga kandi igatera ingaruka.
Guhitamo neza CT ni ngombwa kubipima neza n'umutekano. CT itari yo irashobora gutera fagitire cyangwa ibikoresho byangiritse.

Nigute Umuyoboro Mucyo Uhindura Ukora?

A.amashanyarazi makeikora ku mahame abiri yibanze ya fiziki. Iyambere ni electromagnetic induction, ikora ikigezweho. Iya kabiri ni igipimo cyo guhinduka, kigena ubunini bwurwo rugendo. Gusobanukirwa nibi bitekerezo byerekana uburyo CT ishobora gupima neza kandi neza neza umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ihame ryo Kwinjiza Electromagnetic

Muri rusange, imikorere ya voltage ihindagurika imikorere ishingiyeAmategeko ya Faraday yo Kwinjiza Electromagnetic. Iri tegeko risobanura uburyo umurima uhindura magneti ushobora gukora amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi hafi. Inzira igenda ikurikirana muburyo bwihariye:

Umuyoboro uhinduranya (AC) unyura mumashanyarazi abanza cyangwa uhindagurika. Uyu muzunguruko wibanze utwara umuyaga mwinshi ugomba gupimwa.
Uwitekagutembera kwa AC ibyara imbaraga zihoraho zihinduranyahafi y'umuyobozi. A.intangiriro ya ferromagneticimbere CT iyobora kandi yibanda kuri magnetique.
Umwanya wa magnetiki utandukanye utera impinduka mumasoko ya magnetiki, anyura kumurongo wa kabiri.
Dukurikije amategeko ya Faraday, iri hinduka ryumubyigano wa magneti ritera voltage (imbaraga za electromotive), bityo rero, umuyoboro mukuzunguruka kwa kabiri.

Icyitonderwa:Iyi nzira ikorana gusa nubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya (AC). Umuyoboro utaziguye (DC) utanga umurongo uhoraho, udahinduka. Nta aimpindukamuri magnetiki flux, nta induction ibaho, kandi transformateur ntizatanga umusaruro wa kabiri.

Uruhare rwikigereranyo

Ikigereranyo cyo guhinduka nurufunguzo rwukuntu CT yamanutse hejuru yumuvuduko mwinshi kurwego rushobora gucungwa. Iri gereranya rigereranya umubare winsinga zahindutse muburyo bwambere (Np) numubare wimpinduka mugice cya kabiri (Ns). Muri CT, guhinduranya kwa kabiri bifite byinshi byahinduye kuruta guhinduranya kwambere.

Uwitekaikigezweho muri flinging iringaniza ihindagurika ryikigereranyo. Ibi bivuze ko aumubare munini wimpinduka kumurongo wa kabiri uhinduranya ibisubizo ugereranije munsi ya kabiri ya kabiri. Iyi sano ikurikirashingiro amp-ihinduranya kubihindura.

Imibare yimibare yiyi sano ni:

Ap / As = Ns / Np

Aho:

Ap= Ibanze

As= Icyiciro cya kabiri

Np= Umubare wibanze

Ns= Umubare wa Secondary Turns

Kurugero, CT ifite amanota 200: 5A ifite igipimo cya 40: 1 (200 igabanijwe na 5). Igishushanyo gitanga icyiciro cya kabiri aricyo 1/40 cya primaire yibanze. Niba ibyibanze byambere ari 200 amps, icyiciro cya kabiri kizaba umutekano 5 amps.

Iri gereranya kandi rigira ingaruka kuri CT no mubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara umutwaro, uzwi nka "umutwaro."Umutwaro ninzitizi zose (resistance)y'ibikoresho bipima bihujwe no guhinduranya kabiri. CT igomba kuba ishobora gushyigikira uyu mutwaro udatakaje neza neza.Nkuko imbonerahamwe ikurikira ibigaragaza, ibipimo bitandukanye birashobora kugira amanota atandukanye.

Ikigereranyo kiboneka	Ukuri @ B0.1 / 60Hz (%)
100: 5A	1.2
200: 5A	0.3

Aya makuru yerekana ko guhitamo CT hamwe ningero zijyanye nimpinduka zingirakamaro kugirango umuntu agere ku cyifuzo cyo gupima cyifuzwa kuri porogaramu runaka.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi nubwoko bukuru

Buri Mucyo Mucyo Uhindura Transformer isangiye imiterere yimbere, ariko ibishushanyo bitandukanye birahari kubikenewe byihariye. Gusobanukirwa ibice byingenzi nintambwe yambere. Kuva aho, dushobora gushakisha ubwoko bwingenzi nibiranga byihariye. Umuyoboro muto wa Transformer yubatswe kuvaibice bitatu by'ingenziibyo bikorana.

Core, Windings, na Insulation

Imikorere ya CT iterwa nibice bitatu byibanze bikora mubwumvikane. Buri gice kigira uruhare rutandukanye kandi rukomeye mubikorwa bya transformateur.

Core:Icyuma cya silikoni yibanze ikora inzira ya magneti. Yibanda kumaseti ya magneti yakozwe numuyoboro wibanze, ukemeza neza ko ihuza neza na kabiri.
Windings:CT ifite ibice bibiri byizunguruka. Ihinduranya ryibanze ritwara umuyaga muremure kugirango upimwe, mugihe icyiciro cya kabiri kizunguruka gifite izindi ncuro nyinshi zinsinga kugirango zitange umuyaga wamanutse, utekanye.
Kwikingira:Ibi bikoresho bitandukanya kuzenguruka no hagati hamwe. Irinda ikabutura y'amashanyarazi kandi irinda umutekano no kuramba kw'igikoresho.

Ubwoko bw'imvune

Ubwoko bw igikomere CT burimo ibanze ryibanze rigizwe numurongo umwe cyangwa byinshi byahinduwe burundu kumurongo. Igishushanyo cyonyine. Umuyoboro mwinshi-uhuza uhuza neza na terefone yiyi primaire. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha igikomere cyubwoko bwa CT kurigupima neza no kurinda sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Bakunze guhitamoporogaramu nini cyane ya voltage aho ibisobanuro no kwizerwa ari ngombwa.

Ubwoko bwa Toroidal (Idirishya) Ubwoko

Ubwoko bwa toroidal cyangwa "idirishya" nigishushanyo gisanzwe. Igaragaza intoki zimeze nkizifite gusa izunguruka ya kabiri yazengurutse. Umuyobozi wibanze ntabwo ari CT ubwayo. Ahubwo, umuyoboro-mwinshi wa kabili cyangwa busbar unyura hagati yo gufungura hagati, cyangwa "idirishya," bikora nkumurongo umwe wibanze.

Ibyiza byingenzi bya Toroidal CTs:Igishushanyo gitanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi bwoko, harimo:

Ubushobozi buhanitse, akenshi hagati95% na 99%.

Ubwubatsi bworoshye kandi bworoshye.

Kugabanya interineti ya electronique (EMI) kubice byegeranye.

Gucuranga gake cyane, bivamo imikorere ituje.

Ubwoko-Bar

Ubwoko bwa bar-moderi ihinduranya ni igishushanyo cyihariye aho guhinduranya kwambere nigice cyingenzi cyibikoresho ubwabyo. Ubu bwoko burimo akabari, mubisanzwe bikozwe mu muringa cyangwa aluminiyumu, inyura hagati muri rusange. Aka kabari gakora nkaumuyobozi umwe gusa. Iteraniro ryose ryubatswe mumashanyarazi akomeye, yiziritse, bituma iba igice gikomeye kandi cyonyine.

Kubaka ubwoko bwubwoko bwa CT bwibanda kubwizerwa n'umutekano, cyane cyane muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:

Umuyobozi wibanze:Igikoresho kirimo umurongo wuzuye wuzuye nkibanze byambere. Uku kubika, akenshi kubumba cyangwa gutekesha impapuro zometseho, birinda imbaraga z'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Icyiciro cya kabiri:Ihinduranya rya kabiri hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zinsinga zizingiye kumurongo wicyuma. Igishushanyo kigabanya igihombo cya magneti kandi cyemeza ihinduka ryukuri.
Core:Intangiriro iyobora magnetiki kuva kumurongo wambere kugeza kumurongo wa kabiri, bigafasha inzira yo kwinjira.

Ibyiza byo kwishyiriraho:Inyungu nini yumurongo wubwoko Buke bwa Voltage Yubu Transformer nuburyo bworoshye. Yashizweho kugirango yerekane neza kuri bisi, yoroshya igenamigambi kandi igabanya amakosa yo gukoresha insinga. Moderi zimwe ziranga aGutandukanya-ingenzi cyangwa clamp-on iboneza. Ibi bituma abatekinisiye bashiraho CT hafi ya busbar ihari nta guhagarika ingufu, bigatuma biba byiza guhindura imishinga.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo kandi kiramba bituma bakora neza kubidukikije kandi bisabwa biboneka imbere muri switchgear hamwe no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.

Icyitonderwa cyumutekano wiburira: Ntuzigere ufungura-kuzenguruka icyiciro cya kabiri

Amategeko shingiro agenga imikorere yumutekano uwo ariwo wose. Abatekinisiye naba injeniyeri ntibagomba na rimwe kwemerera umuyaga wa kabiri gufungura-kuzenguruka mugihe amashanyarazi anyura mumashanyarazi abanza. Iherezo rya kabiri rigomba guhora rihujwe numutwaro (umutwaro waryo) cyangwa kuba umuzenguruko muto. Kwirengagiza iri tegeko bitera ibintu bibi cyane.

Amategeko ya Zahabu ya CTs:Buri gihe menya neza ko uruziga rwa kabiri rufunze mbere yo guha ingufu primaire. Niba ugomba kuvanaho metero cyangwa relay kumuzunguruko ukora, mugufi-umuzenguruko wa CT ya kabiri ya mbere.

Gusobanukirwa na fiziki iri inyuma yiyi miburo byerekana uburemere bwakaga. Mubikorwa bisanzwe, icyiciro cya kabiri kirema anti-magnetique umurima urwanya magnetiki yibanze. Iyi opozisiyo ituma magnetiki atembera murwego rwo hasi, umutekano.

Iyo umukoresha ahagaritse icyiciro cya kabiri n'umutwaro wacyo, umuzenguruko urakinguka. Ihinduranya rya kabiri noneho igerageza gutwara ibiyobora mubikorwa aninzitizi zitagira akagero, cyangwa kurwanywa. Iki gikorwa gitera umurima wa magneti urwanya gusenyuka. Umuyoboro wibanze wa magnetiki flux ntagihagarikwa, kandi yubaka vuba muri corps, itwara intangiriro mubwuzuye.

Iyi nzira itera imbaraga nyinshi zumuvuduko mwinshi mukuzunguruka kwa kabiri. Ikintu kigaragara mu ntambwe zitandukanye muri buri cyiciro cya AC:

Umuyoboro wibanze udahagaritswe ukora ibintu byinshi bya magnetiki bigenda byimbere, bigatuma byuzura.
Nkuko amashanyarazi yibanze ya AC anyura kuri zeru inshuro ebyiri kuri cycle, flux ya magnetique igomba guhinduka byihuse kuva kwiyuzuzamo mucyerekezo kimwe ikuzura muburyo butandukanye.
Ihinduka ryihuse ridasanzwe muri magnetiki flux ritera umuvuduko mwinshi cyane mumashanyarazi ya kabiri.

Iyi voltage iterwa ntabwo ari voltage ihamye; ni urukurikirane rw'imisozi ikarishye. Iyi voltage ya voltage irashobora kugera byoroshyeibihumbi byinshi bya volt. Ubushobozi buhanitse burerekana ingaruka nyinshi zikomeye.

Akaga gakabije:Guhura neza na terefone ya kabiri birashobora gutera amashanyarazi yica.
Isenyuka rya Insulation:Umuvuduko mwinshi urashobora gusenya insulation muri transformateur yubu, biganisha kunanirwa burundu.
Ibyangiritse:Ibikoresho byose bihujwe byo kugenzura bitagenewe iyo voltage ndende bizahita byangirika.
Intwaro n'umuriro:Umuvuduko urashobora gutera arc gukora hagati ya terefone ya kabiri, bigatera umuriro ukomeye ningaruka zo guturika.

Kugirango wirinde izo ngaruka, abakozi bagomba gukurikiza inzira zumutekano zikomeye mugihe bakorana na Transformer ya Voltage Ntoya.

Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Umutekano:

Emeza uruziga rufunze:Mbere yo guha ingufu umuzenguruko wibanze, burigihe ugenzure ko CT ya kabiri ihindagurika ihujwe numutwaro wacyo (metero, relay) cyangwa ifite umutekano muke.

Koresha Ibice Bigufi:Kwiyubaka kwinshi harimo guhagarika terminal hamwe nubushakashatsi bwagutse. Ibi bikoresho bitanga inzira yizewe kandi yizewe yo kugabanya icyiciro cya kabiri mbere yo gutanga ibikoresho byose bihujwe.

Mbere gato yo guhagarika:Niba ugomba kuvana igikoresho mumuzunguruko ufite ingufu, koresha insinga yo gusimbuka kugirango ugabanye CT ya kabirimbereguhagarika igikoresho.

Kuraho Bigufi Nyuma yo Guhuza:Kuraho gusa gusimbuka gusimbukanyumaigikoresho cyahujwe rwose nu muzunguruko wa kabiri.

Kubahiriza protocole ntabwo ari ubushake. Ni ngombwa kurinda abakozi, gukumira ibikoresho byangiritse, no kurinda umutekano muri rusange amashanyarazi.

Gusaba no Guhitamo Ibipimo

Impinduka za voltage nkeya nibintu byingenzi muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi agezweho. Porogaramu zabo ziratangirana no gukurikirana byoroshye kurinda sisitemu ikomeye. Guhitamo CT neza kubikorwa runaka ningirakamaro kugirango habeho ukuri, umutekano, no kwizerwa.

Porogaramu zisanzwe mubucuruzi ninganda

Ba injeniyeri bakoresha CT cyane mubucuruzi ninganda mubidukikije kugirango bakurikirane ingufu nogucunga. Mu nyubako zubucuruzi, sisitemu yo kugenzura ingufu zishingiye kuri CT kugirango zipime imigezi ihindagurika neza. Umuyoboro muremure unyura mumashanyarazi abanza, ukarema magneti. Uyu murima utera ibintu bito cyane, bigereranijwe mumashanyarazi ya kabiri, metero ishobora gusoma byoroshye. Iyi nzira ifasha abayobozi bashinzwe gukurikirana imikoreshereze yingufu neza kubisabwa nkaubucuruzi bwa kWh net gupima kuri 120V cyangwa 240V.

Kuki Guhitamo Ibikwiye CT

Guhitamo neza CT bigira ingaruka zitaziguye muburyo bwamafaranga numutekano wibikorwa. Ingano nini cyangwa igipimo CT itangiza ibibazo bikomeye.

⚠️Ukuri Kugira ingaruka kuri fagitire:CT ifite urwego rwiza rwo gukora. Gukoresha kuriumutwaro muto cyane cyangwa muremure wongera ikosa ryo gupimwa. Anikosa ryukuri rya 0.5% gusabizatera kubara fagitire kuzimya kumafaranga angana. Byongeye kandi, impinduka zingingo zashyizweho na CT zirashobora kugoreka ibyasomwe nimbaraga, cyane cyane kubintu bito bito, biganisha kuri fagitire idahwitse.

Guhitamo nabi nabyo bibangamira umutekano. Mugihe cy'amakosa, aCT irashobora kwinjiza, kugoreka ibimenyetso byayo. Ibi birashobora gutera uburyo bwo kurinda imikorere mibi muburyo bubiri bubi:

Kunanirwa gukora:Icyerekezo ntigishobora kumenya ikosa nyaryo, ryemerera ikibazo kwiyongera no kwangiza ibikoresho.
Kugenda Kubeshya:Icyerekezo gishobora gusobanura nabi ibimenyetso kandi bigatera umuriro w'amashanyarazi bitari ngombwa.

Ibipimo bisanzwe hamwe nubuziranenge

Buri Transformer Yumubyigano Uhindura ifite amanota yihariye asobanura imikorere yayo. Ibipimo byingenzi birimo impinduka zingana, icyiciro cyukuri, numutwaro. Umutwaro ni umutwaro wose (impedance) uhujwe na kabiri, harimo metero, relay, hamwe ninsinga ubwayo. CT igomba kuba ishobora guha imbaraga uyu mutwaro udatakaje ukuri.

Ibipimo bisanzwe biratandukanye kubipimo no kurinda (relaying) porogaramu, nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo.

Ubwoko bwa CT	Ibisobanuro bisanzwe	Igice kiremereye	Kubara Umutwaro muri Ohms (5A Secondary)
Kugereranya CT	0.2 B 0.5	Ohms	0.5 ohm
Kwerekana CT	10 C 400	Volts	4.0 ohm

Ibipimo bya CT bipima muri ohms, mugihe umutwaro wa CT usobanurwa na voltage ishobora gutanga inshuro 20 umuvuduko wacyo. Ibi byerekana ko CT ishobora gukora neza mugihe cyamakosa.

Impinduka ya voltage ntoya nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gucunga amashanyarazi. Ipima neza imiyoboro ihindagurika ihindagurika ikamanuka kumurongo ugereranije, agaciro kari hasi. Imikorere yiki gikoresho ishingiye kumahame yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi na moteri ihindagurika.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi:

Amategeko akomeye yumutekano ni ukutazigera ufungura uruziga rwa kabiri mugihe primaire iba ifite ingufu, kuko ibi bitera imbaraga zumuvuduko mwinshi.

Guhitamo neza bishingiye kubisabwa, ubunyangamugayo, hamwe nu amanota ni ngombwa ku mutekano rusange wa sisitemu no gukora.

Ibibazo

CT irashobora gukoreshwa kumuzunguruko wa DC?

Oya, aimpindukantishobora gukora kumurongo utaziguye (DC). CT isaba guhindura magnetiki yumurima wakozwe numuyoboro uhinduranya (AC) kugirango utere umuyoboro mukuzunguruka kwakabiri. Umuzunguruko wa DC utanga umurongo uhoraho wa magneti, urinda kwinjiza.

Bigenda bite iyo ikigereranyo cya CT kitakoreshejwe?

Gukoresha igipimo cya CT kitari cyo biganisha ku makosa akomeye yo gupimwa nibibazo byumutekano.

Kwishyuza bidakwiye:Gusoma gukoresha ingufu bizaba atari byo.
Kunanirwa kurinda:Ibyingenzi birinda ntibishobora gukora neza mugihe cyamakosa, bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gupima na CT itanga?

Igipimo CT gitanga ibisobanuro byukuri munsi yimizigo isanzwe igamije kwishyuza. Ikirangantego CT cyateguwe kugirango kigumane ukuri mugihe cyo hejuru-cyikibazo. Ibi bituma ibikoresho birinda byakira ibimenyetso byizewe byo kuzenguruka umuziki no gukumira ibyangiritse cyane.

Kuki umuzunguruko wa kabiri ugufi kubwumutekano?

Kugabanya icyiciro cya kabiri gitanga inzira yumutekano, yuzuye kubitekerezo byatewe. Gufungura uruziga rwa kabiri ntirufite aho rugana. Iyi miterere itera CT kubyara ingufu nyinshi cyane, voltage ishobora guteza impanuka zikomeye kandigusenya transformateur.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-05-2025

Niki Umuyoboro Mucyo Uhindura Nubu kandi Bikora gute?