Gusobanura Ibyiciro Bitatu Byahindutse Byahinduwe hamwe na Rusange

A.Ibyiciro bitatu byubuikora ku mahame remezo ya electromagnetism kugirango igere kubikorwa byayo. Igishushanyo cyacyo kiroroshye ariko gifite akamaro kanini mugukurikirana neza sisitemu zikomeye zamashanyarazi. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yimbere byerekana impamvu ari urufatiro rwo gucunga amashanyarazi.

Amahame remezo yo gukora

Imikorere ya transformateur igezweho igengwa na electromagnetic induction, ihame ryasobanuwe naAmategeko ya Faraday. Ubu buryo butuma ibipimo bigezweho bidafite aho bihurira n'amashanyarazi hagati yumuriro mwinshi wa voltage nibikoresho byapimwe.Urukurikirane rwose rugaragara muntambwe zingenzi:

1. Umuyoboro muremure wibanze unyura mubuyobozi bukuru (coil primaire).
2. Ubu bugenda butanga imbaraga za magnetiki zihuye nicyuma cya transformateur.
3. Uwitekarukuruziayobora iyi magnetiki ihinduka kuri coil ya kabiri.
4. Umwanya wa magneti utera ibintu bito cyane, bigereranijwe muri coil ya kabiri.
5. Umuyoboro wa kabiri noneho ugaburirwa neza kuri metero, relay, cyangwa sisitemu yo kugenzura no gupima.

Kubice bitatu byimikorere, igikoresho kirimo ibice bitatu bya coil na cores. Iyi nyubako ituma icyarimwe icyarimwe kandi cyigenga cyo gupima amashanyarazi muri buri cyuma cyicyiciro cya gatatu.

Ubwubatsi nibice byingenzi

Impinduramatwara iriho igizwe nibice bitatu byibanze: guhinduranya kwambere, guhinduranya kwa kabiri, hamwe na rukuruzi ya rukuruzi.

• Ibanze: Uyu ni umuyobozi uyobora umuyaga muremure ugomba gupimwa. Mubishushanyo byinshi (ubwoko-bwa CTs), ibanze nuburyo nyamukuru sisitemu ya busbar cyangwa umugozi unyura hagati ya transformateur.
• Icyiciro cya kabiri: Ibi bigizwe ninshuro nyinshi zinsinga nto-zipfunyitse zizengurutse ingirabuzimafatizo. Itanga umusaruro wagabanutse, wapimwe.
• Magnetic Core: Intangiriro nikintu gikomeye cyibanda kandi kiyobora umurima wa magneti kuva mubanze kugeza kumurongo wa kabiri. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubyingenzi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kuri transformateur no gukora neza.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byingenzi ni ngombwakugabanya ingufu zitakaza no gukumira kugoreka ibimenyetso. Impinduka zisobanutse neza zikoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugirango zigere kumikorere isumba izindi.

Icyitonderwa kubyukuri:Mu isi isanzwe, nta transformateur itunganye.Amakosa arashobora guturuka kubintu byinshi. Imyuka ishimishije ikenewe kugirango magnetise yibanze irashobora gutera icyiciro nubunini butandukanye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gukoresha CT hanze yumutwaro wapimwe, cyane cyane kumurongo muto cyangwa mwinshi, byongera ikosa ryo gupimwa. Kwuzura kwa Magnetique, aho intangiriro itagishoboye gukemura ibintu byinshi bya magnetiki, nabyo biganisha ku kutamenya neza, cyane cyane mugihe cyamakosa.

Akamaro k'Ikigereranyo cyo Guhinduka

Ikigereranyo cyo guhinduka numutima wimibare wimpinduka zubu. Irasobanura isano iri hagati yumuyaga muri primaire yibanze hamwe numuyoboro wa kabiri. Ikigereranyo kibarwa mukugabanya ibipimo byibanze byateganijwe nu cyiciro cya kabiri cyagenwe.

Ikigereranyo cya Transformer Yubu (CTR) = Ibanze Byambere (Ip) / Amashuri yisumbuye (Is)

Iri gereranya rigenwa numubare winsinga zihinduka muri buri coil. Kurugero, CT ifite igipimo cya 400: 5 izatanga 5A umuyoboro kuruhande rwayo iyo 400A inyuze mumashanyarazi abanza. Iyi mikorere iteganijwe kumanuka-hasi ni ngombwa kubyo igamije. Ihindura akaga, umuyaga mwinshi muburyo busanzwe, umuyoboro muke ufite umutekano kubikoresho byo gupima gukora. Guhitamo ibipimo bifatika kugirango uhuze na sisitemu iteganijwe ni ngombwa kugirango habeho ukuri n'umutekano.

Ibice bitatu-Icyiciro kimwe-Icyiciro kimwe Abahindura

Guhitamo iboneza rya transfert ikwiye ningirakamaro mugukurikirana sisitemu yukuri kandi yizewe. Icyemezo hagati yo gukoresha icyiciro kimwe cyicyiciro cya gatatu cya Transformer cyangwa bitatu bitandukanye icyiciro kimwe CTs biterwa nigishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu, intego za porogaramu, nimbogamizi zumubiri.

Ibyingenzi Imiterere nuburyo butandukanye

Itandukaniro rigaragara cyane riri mubwubatsi bwabo nuburyo bakorana nabayobora. A.icyiciro kimwe CTyagenewe kuzenguruka umuyoboro umwe w'amashanyarazi. Ibinyuranyo, ibyiciro bitatu CT irashobora kuba imwe, ihujwe hamwe ibice bitatu byose byayobora, cyangwa irashobora kwerekeza kumurongo wibice bitatu bihuye na CT imwe. Buri buryo bukora intego yihariye mugukurikirana ingufu.

Porogaramu-Inyungu Zihariye

Buri gikoresho gitanga inyungu zidasanzwe zijyanye nibikenewe byihariye. Gukoresha ibintu bitatu bitandukanye icyiciro kimwe CTs itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kandi byukuri bya sisitemu. Ubu buryo butuma ibipimo nyabyo bya buri cyiciro, ari ngombwa kuri:

• Amafaranga yinjira-Icyiciro: Gukurikirana neza-bisaba CT yihariye kuri buri cyiciro kugirango hishyurwe ingufu neza kandi neza.
• Isesengura ry'imizigo idahwitse: Sisitemu ifite imitwaro myinshi yicyiciro kimwe (nkinyubako yubucuruzi) akenshi ifite ingendo zingana kuri buri cyiciro. CT zitandukanye zifata ubu busumbane neza.

Igice kimwe cyicyiciro cya gatatu CT, gikunze gukoreshwa mugupima ibisigisigi cyangwa zeru zikurikirana, ntangarugero mugutahura amakosa yubutaka ukumva itandukaniro iryo ariryo ryose rigezweho mubyiciro bitatu.

Igihe cyo Guhitamo Umwe Kurindi

Guhitamo biterwa cyane nicyuma cya sisitemu yamashanyarazi nintego yo gukurikirana.

Kuri porogaramu zisaba ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, nka sisitemu yo kwinjiza-igipimo cyo kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura sisitemu ifite imizigo ishobora kutaringaniza nka izuba riva, ukoreshejeCT eshatuni Bisanzwe. Ubu buryo bukuraho gukekeranya kandi bukarinda gusoma bidasobanutse bishobora kubaho mugihe imbaraga zidakoreshejwe cyangwa zitangiwe kimwe mubyiciro byose.

Dore amabwiriza rusange:

• Ibyiciro bitatu, 4-Wire Wye Sisitemu: Izi sisitemu, zirimo insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye, zisaba CT eshatu kugirango zuzuzwe neza.
• Ibyiciro bitatu, Sisitemu ya Delta 3: Izi sisitemu zibura insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye. CT ebyiri akenshi zirahagije mugupima, nkuko byavuzweIgitekerezo cya Blondel.
• Kuringaniza va Imizigo idahwitse: Mugihe isomwa rimwe rya CT rishobora kugwizwa kumutwaro uringaniye neza, ubu buryo butangiza amakosa niba umutwaro uringaniye. Kubikoresho nkibice bya HVAC, byumye, cyangwa subpanels, burigihe ukoreshe CT kuri buri kiyobora ingufu.

Kurangiza, urebye ubwoko bwa sisitemu nibisabwa byukuri bizagushikana muburyo bwiza bwa CT.

Ni ryari Ibyiciro Bitatu Byahinduwe Byakoreshejwe?

A.Ibyiciro bitatu byubuni ikintu fatizo muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi agezweho. Porogaramu zayo zirenze kure ibipimo byoroshye. Ibi bikoresho ni ntangarugero mu kwemeza neza imari, kurinda ibikoresho bihenze, no gufasha gucunga ingufu z’ubwenge mu nganda, ubucuruzi, n’ingirakamaro.

Kubipimo Byukuri Ingufu no Kwishura

Abakoresha n'abashinzwe ibikoresho bashingira kubipimo byingufu zuzuye kugirango bishyurwe. Mubikorwa binini byubucuruzi ninganda, aho gukoresha amashanyarazi ari byinshi, ndetse nibidasobanutse neza bishobora gutera ihungabana rikomeye ryamafaranga.Impinduka zubutanga ibisobanuro bikenewe kuri iki gikorwa gikomeye. Bapima umuyaga mwinshi kugeza kurwego rwinjiza-metero zishobora kwandikwa neza kandi neza.

Ukuri kwi transformateur ntabwo ari ubushake. Igengwa n’amahame mpuzamahanga akomeye yemeza ko habaho uburinganire n’ubudahwema mu gupima amashanyarazi. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo:

• ANSI / IEEE C57.13: Igipimo gikoreshwa cyane muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika mugupima no kurinda impinduka zubu.
• ANSI C12.1-2024: Iyi niyo code yambere yo gupima amashanyarazi muri Amerika, isobanura ibyangombwa bisabwa kuri metero.
• Amasomo ya IEC: Ibipimo mpuzamahanga nka IEC 61869 bisobanura ibyiciro byukuri nka 0.1, 0.2, na 0.5 kugirango bishyurwe. Aya masomo yerekana ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe.

Icyitonderwa ku bwiza bw'imbaraga:Kurenga ubunini bwubu, ibipimo nabyo bikemura ikibazo cya fonction angle. Ibipimo nyabyo byukuri nibyingenzi mukubara imbaraga zidasanzwe nimbaraga zingirakamaro, zikaba aribyingenzi byingenzi muburyo bwo kwishyuza ibikorwa bigezweho.

Kubirenzeho kandi Kurinda Amakosa

Kurinda sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ibyangiritse nimwe mumikorere ikomeye ya transformateur igezweho. Amakosa yamashanyarazi, nkumuzunguruko mugufi cyangwa amakosa yubutaka, arashobora kubyara imigezi nini yangiza ibikoresho kandi bigatera umutekano muke. Sisitemu yuzuye yo gukingira ikorera hamwe kugirango ikumire ibi.

Sisitemu ifite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Abahindura Ibiriho (CTs): Izi ni sensor. Bahora bakurikirana ibyagezweho mubikoresho bikingiwe.
2. Icyerekezo cyo Kurinda: Ubu ni ubwonko. Yakiriye ibimenyetso biva muri CT hanyuma igahitamo niba ikigezweho kiri mukaga.
3. Kumena Inzira: Iyi ni imitsi. Yakiriye urugendo rwurugendo ruva muri relay kandi igahagarika kumubiri kugirango uhagarike amakosa.

CTs ihujwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa relay kugirango tumenye ibibazo byihariye. Kurugero, anIkirenga Cyane (OCR)ingendo iyo ikigezweho kirenze urwego rwumutekano, kurinda ibikoresho kurenza urugero. AnIsi Ikosa (EFR)itahura imyuka iva hasi mugupima ubusumbane ubwo aribwo bwose. Niba CT yuzuze mugihe cyamakosa, irashobora kugoreka ibimenyetso byoherejwe kuri relay, birashobora gutuma sisitemu yo gukingira inanirwa. Kubwibyo, kurinda-ibyiciro CT byashizweho kugirango bikomeze kuba ukuri nubwo haba hari amakosa akomeye.

Gukurikirana Umutwaro Wubwenge Gukurikirana no gucunga

Inganda zigezweho zirenze kurengera byoroshye no kwishyuza. Ubu bakoresha amakuru yamashanyarazi kubushishozi bukora kandikubungabunga. Impinduka zubu nisoko yambere yamakuru kuri sisitemu yubwenge. MugukomaCT idahwitseku murongo w'amashanyarazi ya moteri, injeniyeri zirashobora kubona ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi birambuye bitabangamiye ibikorwa.

Aya makuru ashoboza ingamba zikomeye zo gufata neza:

• Kubona amakuru: CT ifata umurongo wibanze amakuru yimashini zikora.
• Gutunganya ibimenyetso: Algorithms yihariye itunganya ibyo bimenyetso byamashanyarazi kugirango ikuremo ibintu byerekana ubuzima bwimashini.
• Isesengura ryubwenge: Mugusesengura imikono yamashanyarazi mugihe, sisitemu irashobora gukora "impanga ya digitale" ya moteri. Iyi moderi ya digitale ifasha guhanura ibibazo byiterambere mbere yuko bitera kunanirwa.

Isesengura ryamakuru ya CT rirashobora kwerekana ibibazo byinshi byubukanishi n’amashanyarazi, harimo:

• Kwikorera amakosa
• Utubari twa rotor yamenetse
• Ikirere cyo mu kirere
• Imikorere idahwitse

Ubu buryo bukora butuma amatsinda yo kubungabunga ateganya gusana, gutumiza ibice, no kwirinda igihe cyateganijwe kitateganijwe, guhindura transformateur kuva mubikoresho byapimwe byoroheje bigahinduka urufunguzo rwibanze rwibikorwa byuruganda.

Nigute Guhitamo Iburyo butatu-Icyiciro CT

Guhitamo ibyiciro bitatu byukuri Guhindura ni ngombwa kugirango sisitemu yizewe kandi yuzuye. Ba injeniyeri bagomba gutekereza kubikenewe byihariye, harimo ibisabwa byukuri, umutwaro wa sisitemu, hamwe nimbogamizi zishyirwaho. Uburyo bwo guhitamo neza butanga imikorere myiza yo gupima, kurinda, no gukurikirana.

Gusobanukirwa Amasomo Yukuri

Impinduka zubu zashyizwe mubyiciro byukurikubipimo cyangwa kurinda. Buri cyiciro gikora intego zitandukanye, kandi gukoresha ikibi bishobora kugutera igihombo cyamafaranga cyangwa ibikoresho byangiritse.

• Gupima CTtanga ibisobanuro bihanitse byo kwishyuza no gusesengura imitwaro munsi yimikorere isanzwe.
• Kurinda CTzubatswe kugirango zihangane ningaruka zikomeye, zemeza ko kurinda bikora neza.

Ikosa risanzwe ni ugukoresha ibipimo bihanitse CT kurinda. Izi CT zirashobora kuzura mugihe cyamakosa, ikabuza kwerekanwa kwakira ibimenyetso nyabyo no gukandagira icyuma cyumuzingi mugihe.

Icyitonderwa hejuru-Ibisobanuro:Kugaragaza anbidakenewe urwego rwukuri cyangwa ubushoboziirashobora kongera cyane ikiguzi nubunini. CT irenze urugero irashobora kugorana kuyikora kandi ntibishoboka guhuza imbere yimyenda isanzwe, bigatuma ihitamo ridashoboka.

Guhuza Ikigereranyo cya CT na Sisitemu Umutwaro

Ikigereranyo cya CT kigomba guhuza na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi iteganijwe. Ikigereranyo kingana neza cyemeza ko CT ikora murwego rwayo rwose. Uburyo bworoshye bufasha kumenya igipimo gikwiye kuri moteri:

1. Shakisha moteri yuzuye amperes (FLA) uhereye ku cyapa cyayo.
2. Kugwiza FLA kuri 1.25 kugirango ubare ibintu birenze urugero.
3. Hitamo igipimo cya hafi cya CT ugereranije nagaciro kabaruwe.

Kurugero, moteri ifite FLA ya 330A yakenera kubara330A * 1.25 = 412.5A. Ikigereranyo cyegeranye cyane cyaba 400: 5.Guhitamo igipimo kiri hejuru cyane bizagabanya ubunyangamugayo kumitwaro mike.Ikigereranyo kiri hasi cyane kirashobora gutuma CT yuzura mugihe cyamakosa, kubangamira sisitemu zo kurinda.

Guhitamo Imiterere Yumubiri Ifatika

Imiterere ifatika yibyiciro bitatu byahinduwe biterwa nibidukikije. Ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi nuburyo bukomeye kandi butandukanijwe.

• CTs ikomeyeKugira umugozi ufunze. Abashiraho bagomba guhagarika umuyobozi wibanze kugirango bawunyuze mumutwe. Ibi bituma biba byiza kubwubatsi bushya aho amashanyarazi ashobora kuzimwa.
• Gutandukanya-CTirashobora gukingurwa no gufatirwa hafi yuyobora. Igishushanyo cyiza cyo guhindura sisitemu zihari kuko bidasaba guhagarika amashanyarazi.

Guhitamo hagati yubwoko biterwa nuburyo kwishyiriraho ari shyashya cyangwa retrofit kandi niba guhagarika imbaraga ari amahitamo.

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Impinduka zicyiciro cya gatatu nicyuma gikomeye cyo gupima neza amashanyarazi muri sisitemu eshatu. Ibikorwa byayo byibanze byemeza neza fagitire yingufu, kurinda ibikoresho mugutahura amakosa, no gufasha gucunga ingufu zubwenge. Guhitamo neza bishingiye ku kuri, ku kigereranyo, no ku bintu bifatika ni ngombwa mu mikorere ya sisitemu yizewe kandi itekanye.

Kureba imbere: CT igezweho hamwe natekinoroji yubwengenaIbishushanyo mbonerabakora sisitemu yingufu kurushaho. Nyamara, imikorere yabo burigihe biterwa no guhitamo neza kandiimyitozo yo kwishyiriraho umutekano.

Ibibazo

Bigenda bite iyo CT yisumbuye isigaye ifunguye?

Umuzunguruko wa kabiri ufunguye utera akaga gakomeye. Itera voltage ndende cyane murwego rwa kabiri. Uyu muvuduko urashobora kwangiza insimburangingo ya transformateur kandi bigatera ingaruka zikomeye kubakozi. Buri gihe menya neza ko uruziga rwa kabiri rugufi cyangwa ruhujwe n'umutwaro.

CT imwe irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima no kurinda?

Ntabwo byemewe. Gupima CTs bisaba ubunyangamugayo buhanitse kumitwaro isanzwe, mugihe kurinda CT bigomba gukora byizewe mugihe cyamakosa menshi. Gukoresha CT imwe kubwimpamvu zombi zibangamira kwishyuza neza cyangwa umutekano wibikoresho, nkuko ibishushanyo byabo bikora imirimo itandukanye.

Kwuzura kwa CT ni iki?

Kwiyuzura bibaho mugihe intangiriro ya CT idashobora gukoresha ingufu za magneti nyinshi, mubisanzwe mugihe kinini. Transformator noneho inanirwa kubyara ikigereranyo cya kabiri. Ibi biganisha ku bipimo bidahwitse kandi birashobora kubuza kurinda kurinda gukora neza mugihe gikomeye.

Ni ukubera iki imiyoboro ya kabiri isanzwe kuri 1A cyangwa 5A?

Kugena imiyoboro ya kabiri kuri 1A cyangwa 5A itanga imikoranire. Yemerera metero na relay kuva mubakora bitandukanye kugirango bakorere hamwe. Iyi myitozo yoroshya igishushanyo cya sisitemu, gusimbuza ibice, kandi iteza imbere guhuza isi yose mumashanyarazi.