Igereranya rifatika ryabahinduye muri iki gihe cyo gupima vs Kurinda

Kurinda CT UkuriKurinda CT ubunyangamugayo ntabwo bujyanye no kwishyuza neza ahubwo ni imikorere iteganijwe mugihe cyamakosa. Ubusobanuro bwabwo busobanurwa n "" ikosa rihuriweho "kuri byinshi byagenwe byagezweho. Icyiciro rusange cyo kurinda ni5P10.Iri zina risenyutse kuburyo bukurikira:

• 5: Ikosa ryibanze ntirishobora kurenga 5% kurugero rwukuri.
• P: Iyi baruwa isobanura nk'icyiciro cyo Kurinda CT.
• 10: Iki nikintu ntarengwa (ALF). Bivuze ko CT izakomeza kugena neza kugeza inshuro 10 igipimo cyayo cyambere.

Muri make, 5P10 CT yemeza ko mugihe icyerekezo cyambere cyikubye inshuro 10 igipimo cyacyo gisanzwe, ibimenyetso byoherejwe kuri relay biracyari muri 5% byagaciro keza, byemeza ko relay ifata icyemezo cyurugendo rwukuri.

Umutwaro na VA

Umutwaroni umutwaro wose w'amashanyarazi uhujwe na CT ya kabiri yanyuma, upimye muri Volt-Amperes (VA) cyangwa ohms (Ω). Igikoresho cyose hamwe ninsinga bihujwe na CT bigira uruhare muri uyu mutwaro. Kurenza umutwaro CT yagabanijwe bizatesha agaciro ukuri.

Umutwaro wose niigiteranyo cyinzitizi yibigize byosemu cyiciro cya kabiri:

• CT yonyine irwanya ihindagurika.
• Kurwanya insinga ziyobora zihuza CT nigikoresho.
• Imbere yimbere yibikoresho byahujwe (metero cyangwa relay).

Kubara Umutwaro wose:Injeniyeri arashobora kubara umutwaro wose ukoresheje formula:Umutwaro wose (Ω) = CT Winding R (Ω) + Umugozi R (Ω) + Igikoresho Z (Ω)Kurugero, niba CT irwanya kabiri irwanya 0.08 Ω, insinga zihuza zifite 0.3 resistance zo guhangana, naho relay ifite inzitizi ya 0.02 Ω, umutwaro wumuzunguruko wose ni 0.4 Ω. Agaciro kagomba kuba munsi yumutwaro CT yagenewe kugirango ikore neza.

Ibipimo bya CT mubisanzwe bifite amanota make ya VA (urugero, 2.5 VA, 5 VA) kubera ko bihuza nibikoresho byihuta cyane, ibikoresho byo gupima bike bikoresha intera ndende. Kurinda CTs bisaba amanota menshi ya VA (urugero, 15 VA, 30 VA) kubera ko agomba gutanga imbaraga zihagije zo gukoresha-impedance yo hasi, ikoreshwa cyane-coil yo kurinda, akenshi hejuru yumurongo muremure cyane. Guhuza nabi igipimo cyumutwaro wa CT nu mutwaro nyirizina ni isoko rusange yamakosa muri metero zombi no kurinda.

Sobanukirwa n'umuvuduko w'amavi

Umuvuduko wa Knee Point (KPV) nikintu gikomeye cyihariye cyo kurinda CT. Irasobanura imipaka yo hejuru ya CT yingirakamaro ikora mbere yuko intangiriro yayo itangira kuzura. Agaciro ningirakamaro mugukingira relay ikingira yakira ibimenyetso byizewe mugihe kiri hejuru-ikosa.

Ba injeniyeri bagena KPV uhereye kumurongo wa CT wishimye, utegura voltage ya kabiri ishimishije irwanya umuyaga wa kabiri ushimishije. "Ikivi" ni ingingo kuri uyu murongo aho imiterere ya magnetiki yibintu ihinduka cyane.

UwitekaIEEE C57.13 bisanzweitanga ibisobanuro nyabyo kuriyi ngingo. Kubintu bidafunze CT, ingingo y'amavi niho hagaragara umurongo ugana ingero ya dogere 45 hamwe na horizontal. Kuri CT yuzuye, iyi mfuruka ni dogere 30. Iyi ngingo yihariye irerekana intangiriro yo kwiyuzuzamo.

Iyo CT ikora munsi yumuvuduko wamavi ya voltage, intangiriro yayo iba mumurongo wa magneti. Ibi birayemerera kubyara neza amakosa yibikorwa byahujwe. Nyamara, iyo voltage ya kabiri irenze KPV, intangiriro yinjira mubwuzuye. Kwiyuzuzamo, akenshi gutwarwa numuyoboro munini wa AC hamwe na DC offsets mugihe cyamakosa, bitera CTmagnetizing impedance kugabanuka cyane. Transformator ntishobora kwerekana ubudahemuka icyerekezo cyibanze kuruhande rwacyo rwa kabiri.

Isano iri hagati ya KPV no kurinda kwizerwa iragaragara kandi ni ngombwa:

• Munsi y'amavi:CT yibanze ikora neza. Itanga ishusho nyayo yerekana amakosa agezweho kurinda relay.
• Hejuru y'ivi:Intangiriro iruzura. Ibi biganisha ku kwiyongera kwinshi kwa magnetisiyonike ikora kandi idafite umurongo, bivuze ko CT itagaragaza neza amakosa yukuri.
• Igikorwa cyo Kwerekana:Ibyingenzi birinda bikeneye ibimenyetso nyabyo kugirango bikore neza. Niba CT yuzuye mbere yuko relay ishobora gufata icyemezo, relay irashobora kunanirwa kumenya uburemere bwikosa, bigatuma urugendo rutinda cyangwa kunanirwa gukora.
• Umutekano wa sisitemu:Kubwibyo, ivi rya CT ivi ryumubyigano rigomba kuba hejuru bihagije kurenza ingufu za kabiri zateganijwe mugihe cyamakosa. Ibi byerekana ko relay yakira ibimenyetso byizewe kugirango irinde ibikoresho bihenze.

Ba injeniyeri babara KPV isabwa kugirango CT ikomeze guhaga mubihe bibi-bibi. Inzira yoroshye yo kubara ni:

Ibisabwa KPV ≥ Niba × (Rct + Rb)

Aho:

• If= Ikosa ntarengwa ryakabiri (Amps)
• Rct= CT irwanya ihindagurika (Ohms)
• Rb= Umutwaro wose wa relay, insinga, hamwe na connexion (Ohms)

Ubwanyuma, Umuyoboro wa Knee Point ukora nkikimenyetso cyambere cyokurinda ubushobozi bwa CT bwo gukora umurimo wumutekano mukibazo cyumuriro ukabije.

Kumenyekanisha Ibihe Byahinduwe Amazina

Izina ryubu rya Transformer ririmo kodegisi isobanura ubushobozi bwayo. Iri zina ry'inyuguti ni imvugo ngufi ya ba injeniyeri, igaragaza neza ibice bigize, ikoreshwa, n'imbibi zikoreshwa. Gusobanukirwa aya ma code ni ngombwa muguhitamo igikoresho gikwiye.

Gusobanura gupima CT Ibyiciro (urugero, 0.2, 0.5S, 1)

Ibipimo CT ibyiciro bisobanurwa numubare ugereranya ikosa ntarengwa ryemewe ryemewe kurwego rwateganijwe. Umubare muto werekana urwego rwo hejuru rwukuri.

• Icyiciro cya 1:Birakwiye kubipimo rusange bipima aho ibisobanuro bihanitse bidakomeye.
• Icyiciro 0.5:Ikoreshwa mubucuruzi bwo kwishura no mu nganda.
• Icyiciro 0.2:Birakenewe kugirango ibipimo byinjira byuzuye.

Ibyiciro bimwe birimo inyuguti 'S'. Izina rya 'S' mu gupima IEC ibipimo bya CT, nka 0.2S na 0.5S, bisobanura ukuri gukomeye. Iri tondekanya ryihariye rikoreshwa muburyo bwo gupima ibiciro aho ibipimo nyabyo ari ingenzi, cyane cyane kumpera yanyuma yurwego.

Gusobanura Kurinda CT Ibyiciro (urugero, 5P10, 10P20)

Kurinda CT ibyiciro bikoresha kode yibice bitatu isobanura imyitwarire yabo mugihe cyamakosa. Urugero rusanzwe ni5P10.

Kumena Kode ya 5P10:

• 5: Iyi mibare yambere niyo makosa ntarengwa yo guhuza ibice ku ijana (5%) kumipaka yukuri.
• P: Inyuguti 'P' mubyiciro nka 5P10 bisobanura 'Icyiciro cyo Kurinda'. Ibi byerekana ko CT yashizweho mbere na mbere kurinda porogaramu zo gukingira aho gupima neza.
• 10: Uyu mubare wanyuma nigipimo ntarengwa (ALF). Bivuze ko CT izakomeza kugena neza neza kugeza ikosa ryikubye inshuro 10 urutonde rwizina.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, a10P20icyiciro CT gifite ikosa rigizwe na 10% hamwe nimpamvu ntarengwa yo20. Mubisobanuro nka 10P20, umubare '20' bisobanura ikintu ntarengwa. Iki kintu cyerekana ko ikosa rya transformateur rizaguma mumipaka yemewe mugihe ikubye inshuro 20 agaciro kayo. Ubu bushobozi nibyingenzi kugirango harebwe neza uburyo bwo kurinda bukora neza mugihe gito cyumuzunguruko.

Ubuyobozi bwo gusaba: Guhuza CT na Taskisiyo

Guhitamo ibyerekeranye na Transformer ikwiye ntabwo ari ikibazo cyifuzo ahubwo nibisabwa na progaramu. Igipimo CT gitanga ibisobanuro bikenewe mubikorwa byubukungu, mugihe uburinzi CT butanga ubwizerwe bukenewe kumutekano wumutungo. Gusobanukirwa aho washyira buri bwoko nibyingenzi kumajwi ya sisitemu yumuriro no gukora.

Igihe cyo Gukoresha Igipimo CT

Ba injeniyeri bagomba gukoresha CT yo gupima mubisabwa byose aho gukurikirana neza gukoresha amashanyarazi nintego yibanze. Ibi bikoresho nibyo shingiro ryo kwishyuza neza no gucunga ingufu. Igishushanyo cyabo gishyira imbere ukuri kwukuri mubihe bisanzwe byumutwaro.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi byo gupima CTs zirimo:

• Ibipimo byinjira & Ibiciro: Ibikorwa bifashisha CTs yuzuye (urugero, Icyiciro 0.2S, 0.5S) kugirango wishyure abakiriya batuye, ubucuruzi, ninganda. Ukuri gutuma ibikorwa byubukungu bikwiye kandi bikosorwa.
• Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS): Ibikoresho bikoresha CT kugirango ukurikirane ikoreshwa ryingufu mubice bitandukanye cyangwa ibikoresho. Aya makuru afasha kumenya imikorere idahwitse no gukoresha neza ingufu.
• Isesengura ryiza ryimbaraga: Abasesengura ubuziranenge bwingufu basaba inyongeramusaruro zukuri kugirango bamenye ibibazo nkibihuza na voltage sags. Kuri ibi bipimo, cyane cyane muri sisitemu yo hagati ya voltage, igisubizo cyinshuro ya transformateur igikoresho ni ngombwa. Abasesengura bigezweho barashobora gukenera amakuru yizewekugeza kuri 9 kHz, isaba inshuro-nziza-ihinduranya kugirango ifate ibintu byuzuye bihuza.

Icyitonderwa ku Guhitamo:Iyo uhisemo CT kuri metero yimbaraga cyangwa isesengura, ibintu byinshi nibyingenzi.

• Ibisohoka Guhuza: Ibisohoka CT (urugero, 333mV, 5A) bigomba guhuza na metero zisabwa.
• Ingano: Amperage ya CT igomba guhuza n'umutwaro uteganijwe kugirango ugumane ukuri.
• Kumubiri: CT igomba guhuza neza nuyobora. Ibikoresho byoroshye bya Rogowski nigisubizo gifatika kuri bisi nini cyangwa ahantu hafunganye.
• Ukuri: Kuri fagitire, ukuri kwa 0.5% cyangwa byiza ni bisanzwe. Kugenzura rusange, 1% birashobora kuba bihagije.

Igihe cyo Gukoresha Kurinda CT

Ba injeniyeri bagomba gukoresha CT kurinda ahantu hose intego nyamukuru ari ukurinda abakozi nibikoresho ibikoresho birenze urugero. Izi CT zagenewe gukomeza gukora mugihe cyamashanyarazi ikabije, zitanga ibimenyetso byizewe kubirinda.

Porogaramu zisanzwe zo kurinda CT zirimo:

• Kurenza urugero no Kurinda Amakosa Yisi: Izi CT zigaburira ibimenyetso byerekana (nka ANSI Igikoresho 50/51) cyerekana icyiciro cyangwa amakosa yubutaka. Icyerekezo noneho kigenda kumena inzitizi kugirango utandukane amakosa. Mumashanyarazi ya voltage yoroheje, ukoresheje abiyeguriyezeru zikurikirana CTkubutaka-amakosa kurinda akenshi birasabwa hejuru yibihuza bisigaye byaibyiciro bitatu CT. Ihuza risigaye rishobora kuganisha ku ngendo zitari zo kubera kuzura kutaringaniye mugihe cyo gutangira moteri cyangwa amakosa yicyiciro.
• Kurinda Bitandukanye: Iyi gahunda irinda umutungo wingenzi nka transformateur na generator mugereranya imigezi yinjira no gusohoka mukarere karinzwe. Irasaba guhuza guhuza CTs.Imibare igezwehoIrashobora kwishyura CT ihuza itandukanye (Wye cyangwa Delta) hamwe no guhinduranya icyiciro binyuze mumiterere ya software, itanga ihinduka rikomeye muriyi gahunda igoye.
• Kurinda Intera: Byakoreshejwe mumirongo yohereza, iyi gahunda ishingiye kuburinzi CT kugirango bapime inzitizi kumakosa. Kwiyuzuza kwa CT kurashobora kugoreka iki gipimo, bigatuma relay itamenya neza aho ikosa riri. Kubwibyo, CT igomba kuba yarateguwe kugirango yirinde kwiyuzuzamo igihe cyo gupima.

Ukurikije ANSI C57.13, CT isanzwe irinda CT igomba kwihanganira kugezaInshuro 20igipimo cyacyo cyagenwe mugihe cyamakosa. Ibi byemeza ko bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso byifashishwa kuri relay mugihe bifite akamaro kanini.

Igiciro Cyinshi cyo Guhitamo nabi

Gukoresha ubwoko butari bwo bwa CT ni ikosa rikomeye hamwe ningaruka zikomeye. Itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yo gupima no kurinda CTs ntisimburana, kandi kudahuza bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi kandi zihenze.

• Gukoresha Igipimo CT cyo Kurinda: Iri ni ikosa rikomeye cyane. Ibipimo CT byateguwe kugirango byuzuze hejuru yumurengera kugirango urinde metero. Mugihe cyamakosa akomeye, izuzura hafi ako kanya. CT yuzuye izananirwa kubyara ikosa ryinshi, kandi kurinda kurinda ntabwo bizabona ubunini bwibyabaye. Ibi birashobora gutuma urugendo rutinda cyangwa kunanirwa gukora, bikaviramo ibikoresho byangiza, umuriro, hamwe nabakozi. Kurugero, kwiyuzuzamo kwa CT birashobora gutera impinduka zitandukanye kurinda kurindamaloperate, biganisha ku rugendo udashaka mugihe cyamakosa yo hanze.
• Gukoresha Kurinda CT kubipima: Ihitamo riganisha kumafaranga adahwitse. Kurinda CT ntabwo byashizweho kugirango bisobanuke neza mubikorwa bisanzwe. Icyiciro cyacyo cyukuri (urugero, 5P10) cyemeza imikorere kumubare munini wurwego rwacyo, ntabwo kumpera yanyuma yikigereranyo aho sisitemu nyinshi zikorera. Kubikoresha kuri fagitire byaba ari nko gupima ingano z'umucanga hamwe na yardstick. Amafaranga yatanzweho ingufu yaba adahwitse, biganisha ku gihombo cyinjira mubikorwa byingirakamaro cyangwa kwishyuza amafaranga menshi kubaguzi.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kunanirwa:Muri gahunda yo kurinda intera, kwiyuzuza kwa CT bitera kwerekanwa gupima aimpedance yo hejurukuruta agaciro nyako. Ibi bigabanya neza relay yo kurinda kugera. Ikosa rigomba gukosorwa ako kanya rishobora kugaragara nkikosa rya kure, ritera urugendo rutinze. Uku gutinda kwongerera imbaraga sisitemu y'amashanyarazi kandi byongera amahirwe yo kwangirika kwinshi.

Kurangiza, ikiguzi cyo guhitamo CT kitari cyo kirenze igiciro cyibigize ubwacyo. Igaragarira mu gusenya ibikoresho, igihe cyo gukora, inyandiko zerekana imari zidahwitse, n'umutekano uhungabanye.

CT imwe ishobora gukora ibipimo byombi no kurinda?

Mugihe gupima no kurinda CT bifite ibishushanyo bitandukanye, injeniyeri rimwe na rimwe bisaba igikoresho kimwe kugirango gikore iyo mirimo yombi. Ibi bikenewe byatumye habaho iterambere ryihariye-rifite intego ebyiri, ariko zizana ibicuruzwa byihariye.

Intego-ebyiri (Urwego X) CT

Icyiciro kidasanzwe, kizwi nkaIcyiciro X cyangwa PS Icyiciro Cyubu, irashobora gukora byombi inshingano zo kurinda no kurinda. Ibi bikoresho ntabwo bisobanurwa nibyiciro bisanzwe byukuri nka 5P10. Ahubwo, imikorere yabo igaragazwa nurutonde rwibintu byingenzi injeniyeri akoresha kugirango agenzure ko bikwiranye na gahunda yihariye yo kurinda.

Ukurikije ibipimo bya IEC, imikorere y'Icyiciro X CT isobanurwa na:

• Ikigereranyo cyibanze
• Guhindura igipimo
• Umuvuduko w'amavi (KPV)
• Gukoresha amashanyarazi kuri voltage yagenwe
• Icyiciro cya kabiri cyo guhangana na 75 ° C.

Ibiranga bituma igikoresho gitanga ubunyangamugayo buhanitse mugihe gisanzwe mugihe gitanga kandi ihindagurika ryumuvuduko wamavi kugirango ibikorwa byizewe byerekanwa mugihe cyamakosa. Bakunze gukoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru-kurinda gahunda zitandukanye zo kurinda aho imikorere igomba kumenyekana neza.

Imipaka ifatika hamwe nubucuruzi

Nubwo hariho icyiciro cya X CTs, gukoresha igikoresho kimwe kubipima no kurinda akenshi biririndwa. Imikorere yombi ifite ibisabwa bivuguruzanya.

Igipimo CT cyagenewe kuzura hakiri kare kugirango kirinde metero zoroshye. A.kurinda CT byateguwekurwanya kwiyuzuza kugirango relay irashobora kumenya amakosa. Intego ebyiri CT igomba kumvikana hagati yizi ntego zombi zihanganye.

Uku kumvikana bisobanura intego-ebyiri CT ntishobora gukora umurimo kimwe nkigice cyabigenewe. Igishushanyo kiba gikomeye kandi gihenze. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, gushiraho CTs ebyiri zitandukanye, zihariye-imwe yo gupima indi yo kurinda-nigisubizo cyizewe kandi cyigiciro cyinshi. Ubu buryo bwemeza ko byombisisitemu yo kwishyuzana sisitemu yumutekano ikora nta guhuzagurika.

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Guhitamo hagatigupima no kurinda CTsni icyemezo gisobanutse gishingiye kubikorwa byihutirwa. Imwe itanga ibisobanuro kuri fagitire, mugihe iyindi itanga ubwizerwe mugihe cyamakosa. Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza ntibishobora kuganirwaho kubijyanye numutekano wa sisitemu, ubukungu bwuzuye, hamwe nibikoresho biramba. Ba injeniyeri bagomba guhora bambukiranya ibisobanuro bya CT hamwe nibikoresho bikenewe.

A.urutonde rwanyuma rwo kugenzuraikubiyemo:

1. Menya Ibigezweho: Huza igipimo cya CT n'umutwaro ntarengwa.
2. Kubara Umutwaro: Sum umutwaro wibintu byose byahujwe.
3. Kugenzura Icyiciro Cyukuri: Hitamo icyiciro gikwiye cyo gupima cyangwa kurinda.

Ibibazo

Bigenda bite iyo CT yumuzunguruko wa kabiri isigaye ifunguye?

Umuzunguruko wa kabiri ufunguye ukora voltage ndende ishobora guteza akaga. Umuyoboro wibanze uhinduka magnetisiyumu, yuzuza intangiriro. Iyi miterere irashobora gusenya CT kandi igatera ibyago bikomeye.

Umutekano Mbere:Buri gihe mugufi-umuzenguruko wa kabiri mbere yo guhagarika igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose.

Nigute abajenjeri bahitamo igipimo cyiza cya CT?

Ba injeniyeri bahitamo igipimo aho sisitemu isanzwe ntarengwa iri hafi ya CT yibanze. Ihitamo ryemeza ko CT ikora murwego rwayo rwose. Kurugero, umutwaro 90A ukora neza hamwe na 100: 5A CT.

Kuki gupima CT bidafite umutekano kuburinzi?

Igipimo CT cyuzura vuba mugihe cyamakosa. Ntishobora kumenyekanisha ikosa ryukuri kuririnda. Icyerekezo noneho cyananiwe gutembera kumena, biganisha ku kwangiza ibikoresho ndetse n’umutekano muke.

CT imwe ishobora gukora ibipimo no kurinda?

Icyiciro cyihariye X CTs gishobora gukora inshingano zombi, ariko igishushanyo cyazo ni ubwumvikane. Kubwumutekano mwiza nukuri, injeniyeri mubisanzwe ushyiraho CT ebyiri zitandukanye, zabigenewe - imwe yo gupima indi yo kurinda.