Chosinthira chida chodziwika kuti aotsika voteji panopa thiransifoma(CT) idapangidwa kuti iziyezera kuchuluka kwa alternating current (AC) mkati mwa dera. Chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito popanga magetsi ofananirako komanso otetezeka pamapiritsi ake achiwiri. Zida zokhazikika zimatha kuyeza mosavuta izi zomwe zachepetsedwa. Ntchito yoyamba ya athiransifoma yamakonondiko kutsika pansi pa mafunde owopsa. Imawasintha kukhala magawo otetezeka, otha kutheka kuti azitha kuyang'anira, metering, ndi chitetezo chadongosolo.
Zofunika Kwambiri
- A low voltagethiransifoma yamakono(CT) imayesa magetsi okwera bwino. Imasintha mafunde aakulu, owopsa kukhala aang'ono, otetezeka.
- Ma CT amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ziwiri zazikulu: maginito kupanga magetsi ndi mawaya apadera owerengera. Izi zimawathandiza kuyeza magetsi moyenera.
- Palimitundu yosiyanasiyana ya CTs, monga mitundu ya bala, toroidal, ndi bar. Mtundu uliwonse umagwirizana ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zoyezera magetsi.
- Osadula mawaya achiwiri a CT pomwe magetsi akuyenda. Izi zitha kupanga ma voltage okwera kwambiri, owopsa ndikuwononga.
- Kusankha CT yoyenera ndikofunikira pakuyezera kolondola komanso chitetezo. CT yolakwika imatha kuwononga mabilu olakwika kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Kodi Low Voltage Current Transformer Imagwira Ntchito Motani?
Aotsika voteji panopa thiransifomaimagwira ntchito pa mfundo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri za sayansi. Yoyamba ndi electromagnetic induction, yomwe imapanga panopa. Chachiwiri ndi chiŵerengero cha matembenuzidwe, chomwe chimatsimikizira kukula kwa panopa. Kumvetsetsa mfundozi kumasonyeza momwe CT ingayesere mosamala komanso molondola mafunde apamwamba.
Mfundo ya Electromagnetic Induction
Pachimake, otsika voteji panopa thiransifoma ntchito potengeraLamulo la Faraday la Electromagnetic Induction. Lamuloli likufotokoza momwe kusintha kwa maginito kungapangire mphamvu yamagetsi mu kondakitala wapafupi. Ndondomekoyi ikuchitika motsatira ndondomeko:
- Alternating current (AC) imayenda kudzera pa kondakitala woyamba kapena mapindikidwe. Dera loyambirira ili limakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yomwe imayenera kuyezedwa.
- TheKuthamanga kwa AC kumapangitsa kuti maginito asinthe nthawi zonsekuzungulira kondakitala. Aferromagnetic pachimakemkati mwa ma CT otsogolera ndikuyika mphamvu ya maginito iyi.
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa maginito kumapangitsa kusintha kwa maginito, komwe kumadutsa mafunde achiwiri.
- Malinga ndi Lamulo la Faraday, kusintha kumeneku kwa maginito kumapangitsa mphamvu yamagetsi (electromotive force) ndipo, chifukwa chake, pakalipano pamapiritsi achiwiri.
Zindikirani:Izi zimangogwira ntchito ndi alternating current (AC). Mphamvu yachindunji (DC) imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yosasintha, yosasintha. Popanda akusinthamu maginito flux, palibe kulowetsedwa kumachitika, ndipo thiransifoma sichidzatulutsa chachiwiri.
Udindo wa Ma Turns Ration
Chiŵerengero cha kutembenuka ndicho chinsinsi cha momwe CT imatsikira pansi pakalipano mpaka pamlingo wotheka. Chiŵerengerochi chikufanizira chiwerengero cha mawaya okhotakhota m’mapiringiro a pulayimale (Np) ndi kuchuluka kwa matembenuzidwe okhotakhota achiwiri (Ns). Mu CT, mapiringidwe achiwiri amakhala ndi makhoti ambiri kuposa mapindikidwe oyambira.
Thepanopa mu windings ndi inversely proportional ndi mokhota chiŵerengero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akuchuluka kwa makhoti okhotakhota kumapangitsa kuti mafunde achiwiri azitsika molingana. Ubale uwu umatsatiraBasic amp-turn equation kwa ma transfoma.
Njira yamasamu ya ubalewu ndi:
Ap / Monga = Ns / NpKumene:
Ap= Zoyambira PanoAs= Secondary CurrentNp= Nambala Yakutembenukira KwambiriNs= Nambala Yakutembenukira Kwachiwiri
Mwachitsanzo, CT yokhala ndi 200:5A imakhala ndi matembenuzidwe a 40:1 (200 ogawidwa ndi 5). Kupanga uku kumapanga chachiwiri chapano chomwe ndi 1/40th chaposachedwa. Ngati choyambirira chapano ndi 200 amps, chachiwiri chapano chidzakhala 5 amps otetezeka.
Chiŵerengerochi chimakhudzanso kulondola kwa CT ndi kuthekera kwake kunyamula katundu, wotchedwa "katundu."Katundu ndiye kulephera kwathunthu (kukaniza)za zida zoyezera zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi mafunde achiwiri. CT iyenera kuthandizira mtolowu popanda kutaya kulondola kwake.Monga momwe tebulo ili m'munsili likusonyezera, mareyitidwe osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi mavoti olondola mosiyanasiyana.
| Magawo Opezeka | Kulondola @ B0.1 / 60Hz (%) |
|---|---|
| 100:5A | 1.2 |
| 200:5A | 0.3 |
Deta iyi ikuwonetsa kuti kusankha CT yokhala ndi matembenuzidwe oyenera ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse muyeso womwe mukufuna pa ntchito inayake.
Zigawo Zofunikira ndi Mitundu Yaikulu
Aliyense Low Voltage Current Transformer amagawana mawonekedwe amkati, koma mapangidwe osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi zosowa zapadera. Kumvetsetsa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi sitepe yoyamba. Kuchokera kumeneko, tikhoza kufufuza mitundu ikuluikulu ndi makhalidwe awo apadera. Low Voltage Current Transformer imapangidwa kuchokerazigawo zitatu zofunikazomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi.
Core, Windings, ndi Insulation
Kugwira ntchito kwa CT kumadalira zigawo zazikulu zitatu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana. Gawo lirilonse limagwira ntchito yosiyana komanso yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa transformer.
- Pakatikati:Chitsulo chachitsulo cha silicon chimapanga njira ya maginito. Imayang'ana mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yoyamba, kuonetsetsa kuti ikugwirizana bwino ndi mafunde achiwiri.
- Mamphepo:CT ili ndi magawo awiri a ma windings. Mapiringidwe oyambilira amanyamula mafunde okwera kuti ayezedwe, pomwe mapiringidwe achiwiri amakhala ndi makhothi ochulukira a waya kuti apangitse magetsi otsika, otetezeka.
- Insulation:Nkhaniyi imalekanitsa ma windings kuchokera pachimake ndi wina ndi mzake. Zimalepheretsa zazifupi zamagetsi ndikuonetsetsa chitetezo ndi moyo wautali wa chipangizocho.
Mtundu wa Chilonda
CT ya mtundu wa bala imaphatikizapo mapindikidwe oyambira omwe amakhala ndi makhoti amodzi kapena angapo omwe adayikidwa pakatikati. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kokhazikika. Dera lapamwamba lamakono limagwirizanitsa molunjika ku materminals a mafunde oyambirirawa. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma CT amtundu wa balametering molondola ndi kuteteza magetsi magetsi. Nthawi zambiri amasankhidwamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri pomwe kulondola ndi kudalirika ndikofunikira.
Mtundu wa Toroidal (Window).
Mtundu wa toroidal kapena "zenera" ndiwomwe umapangidwira kwambiri. Imakhala ndi phata looneka ngati donati yokhala ndi makhonde achiwiri okha atakulungidwa. Woyendetsa wamkulu sali mbali ya CT yokha. M'malo mwake, chingwe chapamwamba kwambiri kapena mabasi amadutsa pakatikati potsegula, kapena "zenera," ngati njira yokhotakhota imodzi.
Ubwino waukulu wa Toroidal CTs:Kupanga uku kumapereka maubwino angapo kuposa mitundu ina, kuphatikiza:
- Kuchita bwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pakati95% ndi 99%.
- Kumanga kophatikizana komanso kopepuka.
- Kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic (EMI) pazinthu zapafupi.
- Kung'ung'udza kwa makina otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bata.
Mtundu wa Bar
Transformer yamakono yamtundu wa bar ndi kapangidwe kake komwe mafunde oyambira ndi gawo lofunikira la chipangizocho. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo bala, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu, yomwe imadutsa pakati pakatikati. Bar iyi imagwira ntchito ngatikondakitala wotembenukira kamodzi. Msonkhano wonsewo umayikidwa m'bokosi lolimba, lotsekeredwa, kuti likhale lolimba komanso lodzisunga.
Kumanga kwa bar-type CT kumayang'ana pa kudalirika ndi chitetezo, makamaka mu machitidwe ogawa mphamvu. Zinthu zake zazikulu ndi izi:
- Kondakitala Woyamba:Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi bala yotsekeredwa bwino yomwe imakhala ngati poyambira poyambira. Kutchinjiriza kumeneku, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopangira utomoni kapena chubu la pepala lophika, kumateteza ku mphamvu zambiri.
- Mphepo Yachiwiri:Mapiringidwe achiwiri okhala ndi ma waya ambiri amakulungidwa pachimake chachitsulo cha laminated. Mapangidwe awa amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maginito ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kolondola kwapano.
- Pakatikati:Pachimake amawongolera mphamvu ya maginito kuchokera pa kapamwamba koyambira kupita ku mapindikidwe achiwiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti induction induction.
Ubwino Woyika:Phindu lalikulu la mtundu wa Low Voltage Current Transformer ndikuyika kwake molunjika. Amapangidwa kuti azikwera molunjika pamabasi, zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa ndikuchepetsa zolakwika za mawaya. Zitsanzo zina zimakhala ndi akugawanika-pachimake kapena kusintha kwa clamp-on. Izi zimalola akatswiri kukhazikitsa CT mozungulira busbar yomwe ilipo popanda kulumikiza magetsi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kukonzanso ma projekiti.
Mapangidwe awo ophatikizika komanso okhalitsa amawapangitsa kukhala oyenera malo otsekeka komanso ovuta omwe amapezeka mkati mwa switchgear ndi mapanelo ogawa magetsi.
Chenjezo Lovuta Kwambiri la Chitetezo: Osatsegula-Kuzungulira Sekondale
Lamulo loyambira limayang'anira kasamalidwe kotetezeka kwa transformer iliyonse yamakono. Amisiri ndi mainjiniya sayenera kulola kuti mafunde achiwiri azitha kuzunguliridwa pomwe magetsi akuyenda kudzera pa kondakitala woyamba. Ma terminals achiwiri ayenera kulumikizidwa nthawi zonse ndi katundu (katundu wake) kapena kukhala waufupi. Kunyalanyaza lamuloli kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu.
Lamulo Lagolide la CTs:Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti gawo lachiwiri latsekedwa musanapatse mphamvu pulayimale. Ngati muchotsa mita kapena relay kuchokera pagawo logwira ntchito, chepetsani ma terminals achiwiri a CT poyamba.
Kumvetsetsa physics kumbuyo kwa chenjezoli kukuwonetsa kuopsa kwa ngoziyo. Pogwira ntchito bwino, mphamvu yachiwiri imapanga malo otsutsana ndi maginito omwe amatsutsana ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya pulayimale. Kutsutsa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya maginito pakatikati ikhale yotsika, yotetezeka.
Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akudula yachiwiri ku katundu wake, dera limatseguka. Kumangirira kwachiwiri tsopano kukuyesera kuyendetsa zomwe zilipo kuti zikhale bwinozopanda malire impedance, kapena kukana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya maginito yotsutsana nayo igwe. Kuthamanga kwa maginito koyambilira sikuthanso, ndipo kumachulukana pakati, ndikupangitsa kuti pakatikati pakhale machulukitsidwe kwambiri.
Njirayi imapangitsa kuti magetsi azikwera kwambiri pamapiritsi achiwiri. Chochitikachi chimachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana panthawi iliyonse ya AC:
- Mphamvu yoyamba yosatsutsika imapanga kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa maginito pakatikati, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yodzaza.
- Pamene AC primary panopa imadutsa zero kawiri pa kuzungulira, kusinthasintha kwa maginito kuyenera kusintha mofulumira kuchoka ku machulukidwe kupita mbali imodzi kupita ku machulukidwe kwina.
- Kusintha kwachangu kwambiri kumeneku kwa maginito kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azikwera kwambiri pamapiritsi achiwiri.
Mphamvu yamagetsi imeneyi si yamphamvu kwambiri; ndi mndandanda wa nsonga zakuthwa kapena ma crests. Ma voteji awa amatha kufika mosavutama volts zikwi zingapo. Kuthekera kotereku kumabweretsa zoopsa zingapo.
- Zowopsa Zowopsa Kwambiri:Kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi ma terminals achiwiri kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwamagetsi koopsa.
- Kuwonongeka kwa Insulation:Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumatha kuwononga kusungunula mkati mwa thiransifoma yamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kosatha.
- Kuwonongeka kwa Chida:Chida chilichonse cholumikizidwa chomwe sichinapangidwe kuti chikhale chokwera kwambiri chotere chidzawonongeka nthawi yomweyo.
- Arcing ndi Moto:Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kupangitsa kuti arc apangike pakati pa ma terminals achiwiri, kubweretsa ngozi yayikulu komanso kuphulika.
Kuti apewe ngozizi, ogwira ntchito ayenera kutsatira njira zotetezedwa akamagwira ntchito ndi Low Voltage Current Transformer.
Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Zotetezedwa:
- Tsimikizirani kuti Dera Latsekedwa:Musanayambe kupatsa mphamvu dera loyambira, nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti mafunde achiwiri a CT alumikizidwa ndi kulemedwa kwake (mamita, ma relay) kapena amazungulira motetezeka.
- Gwiritsani Ntchito Shorting Blocks:Zoyika zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma terminal block okhala ndi masiwichi omangika mkati. Zipangizozi zimapereka njira yotetezeka komanso yodalirika yofupikitsa yachiwiri musanagwiritse ntchito zida zilizonse zolumikizidwa.
- Kafupi Musanadutse:Ngati mukuyenera kuchotsa chida kuchokera kudera lamphamvu, gwiritsani ntchito waya wodumphira kuti mufupikitse ma terminals achiwiri a CT.kalekulumikiza chida.
- Chotsani Short Pambuyo Kulumikizanso:Chotsani chodumpha chachifupi chokhapambuyochidacho chikugwirizanitsidwa kwathunthu ku dera lachiwiri.
Kutsatira ndondomekozi sikosankha. Ndikofunikira poteteza ogwira ntchito, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zida, ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chonse chamagetsi.
Mapulogalamu ndi Zosankha Zosankha
Otsika magetsi osinthira magetsi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamagetsi amakono. Ntchito zawo zimachokera ku kuyang'anira kosavuta kupita ku chitetezo chovuta kwambiri. Kusankha CT yolondola pa ntchito inayake ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kulondola, chitetezo, ndi kudalirika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Wamba mu Zokonda Zamalonda ndi Zamakampani
Mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito ma CT kwambiri m'malo azamalonda ndi mafakitale powunikira komanso kuyang'anira mphamvu. M'nyumba zamalonda, machitidwe owunikira mphamvu amadalira ma CTs kuti ayese mafunde othamanga kwambiri mosamala. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumayenda kudzera mu conductor yoyamba, kupanga mphamvu ya maginito. Munda uwu umapangitsa kuti pakhale mafunde ang'onoang'ono, molingana ndi mafunde achiwiri, omwe mita imatha kuwerenga mosavuta. Njirayi imathandizira oyang'anira malo kuti azitsata momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera pamapulogalamu mongamalonda kWh ukonde metering pa 120V kapena 240V.
Chifukwa Chake Kusankha CT Yoyenera Kufunika
Kusankha CT yoyenera kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwachuma komanso chitetezo chantchito. CT yolakwika kapena yovotera imabweretsa mavuto akulu.
⚠️Kulondola Kumakhudza Malipiro:CT ili ndi njira yabwino yogwirira ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito pakutsika kwambiri kapena kukwezeka kwambiri kumawonjezera cholakwika cha muyeso. Ancholakwika cholondola cha 0.5% yokhazipangitsa kuti kuwerengetsera kwabilu kuchotsedwe ndi kuchuluka komweko. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa magawo komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi CT kumatha kusokoneza kuwerengera mphamvu, makamaka pazifukwa zamphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zina.
Kusankha kolakwika kumasokonezanso chitetezo. Pa nthawi ya vuto, aCT imatha kulowa machulukitsidwe, kusokoneza chizindikiro chake. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti ma relay oteteza asagwire ntchito m'njira ziwiri zowopsa:
- Kulephera Kugwira Ntchito:Relay mwina sangazindikire cholakwika chenicheni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli lichuluke ndikuwononga zida.
- Kuyenda Kwabodza:Relay ikhoza kutanthauzira molakwika chizindikirocho ndikuyambitsa kuzimitsa kwamagetsi kosafunikira.
Mavotedwe Odziwika ndi Miyezo
Low Voltage Current Transformer iliyonse ili ndi mavoti enieni omwe amatanthauzira momwe amagwirira ntchito. Miyezo yayikulu ikuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa matembenuzidwe, kalasi yolondola, ndi kulemedwa. Katunduyo ndi katundu wathunthu (impedance) wolumikizidwa ku sekondale, kuphatikiza mita, ma relay, ndi waya wokha. CT iyenera kuwongolera zolemetsa izi popanda kutaya kulondola.
| Mtundu wa CT | Mafotokozedwe Odziwika | Burden Unit | Kuwerengera Zolemetsa mu Ohms (5A Sekondale) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kuyeza kwa CT | 0.2 B0.5 | Ohms | 0.5 uwu |
| Kusintha kwa CT | 10 C400 | Volts | 4.0 uwu |
Katundu wa CT metering adavotera mu ohms, pomwe katundu wa CT wotumizira amatanthauzidwa ndi voteji yomwe imatha kupereka nthawi 20 yomwe idavotera pano. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti CT yotumizira ikhoza kuchita molondola pansi pa zolakwika.
Chosinthira chamagetsi chotsika ndi chida chofunikira pakuwongolera dongosolo lamagetsi. Imayesa mosasunthika mafunde okwera kwambiri powatsitsa mpaka pamtengo wocheperako. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa chipangizochi kumadalira mfundo za ma elekitiromagineti induction ndi mapindikidwe ozungulira.
Zofunika Kwambiri:
- Lamulo lofunika kwambiri lachitetezo ndikuti musatsegule gawo lachiwiri pomwe choyambiriracho chili ndi mphamvu, chifukwa izi zimapanga ma voltages owopsa.
- Kusankhidwa koyenera kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, kulondola, ndi mavoti ndikofunikira pachitetezo chonse chadongosolo ndi magwiridwe antchito.
FAQ
Kodi CT ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa dera la DC?
Ayi, athiransifoma yamakonosangathe kugwira ntchito pa dera lachindunji (DC). CT imafuna kusintha kwa maginito opangidwa ndi alternating current (AC) kuti ipangitse kuti pakhale mafunde achiwiri. Dera la DC limapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yosalekeza, yomwe imalepheretsa kulowetsa.
Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chiŵerengero cha CT cholakwika chikugwiritsidwa ntchito?
Kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cholakwika cha CT kumabweretsa zolakwika zazikulu zoyezera komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike pachitetezo.
- Malipiro Olakwika:Mawerengedwe ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu adzakhala olakwika.
- Kulephera kwa Chitetezo:Zowongolera zodzitchinjiriza sizingagwire ntchito moyenera pakawonongeka, zomwe zingawononge kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa metering ndi CT relaying?
Metering CT imapereka kulondola kwakukulu pansi pa katundu wamba wanthawi zonse pazolinga zolipirira. A relaying CT idapangidwa kuti ikhale yolondola panthawi yamavuto akulu. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zida zotetezera zimalandira chizindikiro chodalirika kuti ziyende kuzungulira dera ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Chifukwa chiyani gawo lachiwiri limafupikitsidwa kuti litetezeke?
Kufupikitsa chachiwiri kumapereka njira yotetezeka, yathunthu yamagetsi opangidwa. Dera lachiwiri lotseguka lilibe paliponse pomwe pano lingapite. Izi zimapangitsa kuti CT ipange ma voltages okwera kwambiri, owopsa omwe angayambitse kugwedezeka kwakupha komansokuwononga thiransifoma.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-05-2025