M'zaka zaukadaulo wa digito, ma smart metres adatuluka ngati chida chosinthira kasamalidwe ka mphamvu. Zidazi sizimangoyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso zimapereka deta yeniyeni kwa ogula ndi makampani othandizira. Kumvetsetsa zigawo za mita yanzeru ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso mapindu omwe amapereka. Meta yanzeru imakhala ndi magawo atatu: switch, muyeso, ndi kuphatikiza. M'magulu awa, zigawo zingapo zazikulu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, kuphatikiza Magnetic Latching Relay, Current Transformer, ndi manganin shunt.
1. The Switch: Magnetic Latching Relay
Pamtima pa magwiridwe antchito a mita yanzeru ndi switch, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi aMagnetic Latching Relay(MLR). Chigawochi ndi chofunikira pakuwongolera kayendedwe ka magetsi kupita ndi kuchokera pa mita. Mosiyana ndi ma relay achikhalidwe, omwe amafunikira mphamvu mosalekeza kuti asunge dziko lawo, maginito olumikizirana maginito amagwiritsa ntchito maginito kuti agwire malo awo. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino pamamita anzeru.
MLR imatha kusintha pakati pa zigawo zoyatsa ndi kuzimitsa popanda kufunikira magetsi nthawi zonse, zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri pakuwotcha mphamvu. Kuthekera kumeneku sikungochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za mita yanzeru komanso kumawonjezera kudalirika kwake. Pamene mphamvu yazimitsidwa, MLR ikhoza kusunga malo ake, kuonetsetsa kuti mita ikupitiriza kugwira ntchito moyenera mphamvu ikabwezeretsedwa.
2. Muyeso: Transformer Yamakono ndi Manganin Shunt
Chigawo choyezera cha mita yanzeru ndichofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika moyenera mphamvu yamagetsi. Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi njirayi ndi Current Transformer (CT) ndi manganin shunt.
Current Transformer ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limalola mita yanzeru kuyeza zomwe zikuyenda pamagetsi. Zimagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya electromagnetic induction, pomwe choyambilira chimapanga mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yamagetsi pamapiritsi achiwiri a thiransifoma. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuyeza kotetezeka komanso kolondola kwa mafunde okwera popanda kufunikira kolumikizana mwachindunji ndi magetsi.
Ma CT ndi opindulitsa kwambiri pamamita anzeru chifukwa amatha kupereka zenizeni zenizeni pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala zamtengo wapatali kwa ogula ndi makampani othandizira, chifukwa zimalola kuwongolera bwino mphamvu ndi kulosera.
Manganin Shunt
Chigawo china chofunikira choyezera ndimangani shunt. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kutsika kwa voteji pamtunda wodziwika bwino, kulola mita yanzeru kuwerengera zomwe zikuyenda kuzungulira dera. Manganin, aloyi yamkuwa, manganese, ndi faifi tambala, amasankhidwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kocheperako kukana, komwe kumapangitsa kuti miyeso ikhale yolondola kwambiri.
Manganin shunt ndi othandiza makamaka pamamita anzeru chifukwa amatha kupirira mafunde okwera kwambiri ndikusunga bata komanso kulondola. Kulondola kumeneku ndikofunikira popatsa ogula deta yodalirika pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo, zomwe zingapangitse zisankho zodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kupulumutsa ndalama.
3. Msonkhano: Kuphatikiza kwa zigawo
Kukonzekera kwa mita yanzeru kumaphatikizapo kuphatikizika kwa chosinthira, zigawo zoyezera, ndi zozungulira zina zomwe zimathandizira kulumikizana ndi kukonza deta. Msonkhanowu wapangidwa kuti uwonetsetse kuti zigawo zonse zimagwira ntchito pamodzi kuti zipereke chidziwitso cholondola komanso cha panthawi yake.
Kuphatikizika kwa zigawozi kumapangitsa kuti ma smart mita azitha kulumikizana ndi makampani othandizira kudzera pamaneti opanda zingwe. Kuyankhulana uku ndikupita patsogolo kwakukulu pa mita yachikale, komwe kumafunikira kuwerenga pamanja. Ndi mamita anzeru, deta imatha kufalitsidwa mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuthandizira zothandizira kuyang'anira momwe mphamvu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuzindikira kutuluka, ndi kusamalira bwino chuma.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kwa ma smart metre nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizanso zinthu zapamwamba monga kuzindikira tamper, zomwe zimachenjeza makampani azachinyengo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda chilolezo. Chitetezo chowonjezera ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakusunga kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo logawa mphamvu.
Mapeto
Mwachidule, mita yanzeru imakhala ndi magawo atatu: switch, muyeso, ndi kuphatikiza. Magnetic Latching Relay imagwira ntchito ngati chosinthira, kupereka kuwongolera koyenera pakuyenda kwamphamvu. Zida zoyezera, kuphatikiza Current Transformer ndi manganin shunt, zimatsimikizira kuwunika kolondola kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu. Potsirizira pake, msonkhanowu umagwirizanitsa zigawozi, zomwe zimathandiza kuyankhulana ndi kukonza deta zomwe zimathandizira kuyendetsa mphamvu.
Pamene dziko likupita ku njira zokhazikika zamagetsi, ma smart metres atenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pothandiza ogula ndi makampani othandizira kukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kumvetsetsa zigawo zomwe zimapanga zipangizozi ndizofunikira kuti muzindikire momwe zimakhudzira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, tsogolo la smart metres likuwoneka ngati labwino, ndikutsegulira njira zothetsera mphamvu zanzeru.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-20-2025