Ke hoʻomālamalama nei nā kānaka noiʻi mai NTNU i nā mea magnetic ma nā pae liʻiliʻi ma o ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ke kōkua o kekahi mau kukuna X-ʻālohilohi loa.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Erik Folven, ka luna hoʻokele o ka hui uila oxide ma ka ʻOihana ʻōnaehana uila o NTNU, a me nā hoa hana mai NTNU a me ke Kulanui ʻo Ghent ma Belgium e ʻike pehea e loli ai nā micromagnets ʻili lahilahi ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e kahi kahua magnetic waho. Ua paʻi ʻia ka hana, i kālā hapa ʻia e NTNU Nano a me ka ʻAha Noiʻi o Norewai, ma ka puke pai Physical Review Research.
Nā makeneka liʻiliʻi
Ua hana ʻo Einar Standal Digernes i nā makeneka huinahā liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua.
ʻO nā makeneka huinahā liʻiliʻi, i hana ʻia e ka moho NTNU Ph.D. ʻo Einar Standal Digernes, he ʻelua micrometer wale nō ka laulā a ua māhele ʻia i ʻehā mau ʻāpana triangular, kēlā me kēia me kahi ʻano makeneka ʻokoʻa e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao uaki a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao kūʻē i ka ʻaoʻao uaki a puni nā makeneka.
I loko o kekahi mau mea makeneka, hui pū nā hui liʻiliʻi o nā ʻātoma i nā wahi i kapa ʻia he mau kikowaena, kahi i like ai ke kuhikuhi makeneka o nā electrons a pau.
I loko o nā magnet NTNU, hui kēia mau kikowaena ma kahi kikowaena - ka vortex core - kahi e kuhikuhi pololei ai ka manawa magnetic i loko a i waho paha o ka mokulele o ka mea.
"Ke hoʻopili mākou i kahi kahua magnetic, e kuhikuhi ana kēia mau kikowaena i ke ala like," wahi a Folven. "Hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hiki iā lākou ke emi, a laila hiki iā lākou ke hui pū kekahi i kekahi."
ʻAneʻane like nā electrons me ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i kēia hanana. Ua lawe nā kānaka noiʻi i kā lākou mau micromagnets i kahi synchrotron ʻano donut he 80m ka laulā, i ʻike ʻia ʻo BESSY II, ma Berlin, kahi e hoʻolalelale ʻia ai nā electrons a hiki i ko lākou holo ʻana me ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama. A laila hoʻopuka kēlā mau electrons e neʻe wikiwiki ana i nā kukuna X ʻālohilohi loa.
"Lawe mākou i kēia mau kukuna X a hoʻohana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mālamalama i loko o kā mākou microscope," wahi a Folven.
Ma muli o ka hele ʻana o nā electrons a puni ka synchrotron ma nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ʻelua nanoseconds, hele mai nā kukuna X a lākou e hoʻopuka ai i nā pulse pololei.
Lawe kahi microscope X-ray hoʻoili scanning, a i ʻole STXM, i kēlā mau kukuna X e hana i kahi kiʻi o ke ʻano magnetic o ka mea. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau kiʻi, hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka loli ʻana o ka micromagnet i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Me ke kōkua o ka STXM, ua hoʻopilikia ʻo Folven a me kāna mau hoa hana i kā lākou micromagnets me kahi pulse o ke au i hana i kahi kahua magnetic, a ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke ʻano o nā kikowaena a me ka neʻe ʻana o ke kikowaena vortex mai ke kikowaena.
"He magnet liʻiliʻi loa kou, a laila hou ʻoe a hoʻāʻo e kiʻi iā ia i kona noho hou ʻana," wahi āna. Ma hope iho, ʻike lākou i ke kikowaena e hoʻi ana i waenakonu—akā ma ke ala wili, ʻaʻole ma kahi laina pololei.
"E hula hou ana ia i ke kikowaena," wahi a Folven.
Hoʻokahi paheʻe a pau ia
ʻO ia ke kumu e aʻo ana lākou i nā mea epitaxial, i hana ʻia ma luna o kahi substrate e hiki ai i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻololi i nā waiwai o ka mea, akā e ālai i nā kukuna X i loko o kahi STXM.
Ma ka hana ʻana ma NTNU NanoLab, ua hoʻoponopono nā mea noiʻi i ka pilikia substrate ma ke kanu ʻana i kā lākou micromagnet ma lalo o kahi papa kalapona e pale i kona mau waiwai magnetic.
A laila ua ʻoki pono lākou i ke substrate ma lalo me kahi kukuna o nā ion gallium a hiki i ka wā e koe wale ai kahi papa lahilahi loa. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoikaika ke hala i ʻewalu hola no kēlā me kēia laʻana—a ʻo hoʻokahi hewa hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka pōʻino.
"ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi, inā ʻoe e pepehi i ka magnetism, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i kēlā ma mua o ko mākou noho ʻana ma Berlin," wahi āna. "ʻO ka hana maalea, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e lawe mai i nā laʻana he nui."
Mai ke kinoea kumu a hiki i nā mea hana e hiki mai ana
Mahalo iā ia, ua holo pono ia, a ua hoʻohana ke kime i kā lākou mau laʻana i hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia e kaha kiʻi pehea e ulu ai a emi ai nā kikowaena o ka micromagnet i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Ua hana pū lākou i nā hoʻohālike kamepiula e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā mana e hana ana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko mākou ʻike i ka physics kumu, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka magnetism ma kēia mau lōʻihi a me nā unahi manawa e hiki ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana e hiki mai ana.
Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka Magnetism no ka mālama ʻikepili, akā ke ʻimi nei nā mea noiʻi i nā ala e hoʻohana hou aku ai. ʻO nā kuhikuhi magnetic o ka vortex core a me nā kikowaena o kahi micromagnet, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili i ka ʻike ma ke ʻano o 0s a me 1s.
Ke manaʻo nei nā mea noiʻi e hana hou i kēia hana me nā mea anti-ferromagnetic, kahi e hoʻopau ʻia ai ka hopena o nā manawa magnetic pākahi. He mea hoʻohiki kēia i ka wā e pili ana i ka helu ʻana—ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea anti-ferromagnetic e hana i nā mea hana e pono ai ka ikehu liʻiliʻi a noho paʻa ʻoiai ua nalowale ka mana—akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka noiʻi ʻana no ka mea e nāwaliwali loa nā hōʻailona a lākou e hana ai.
ʻOiai kēlā pilikia, ua manaʻolana ʻo Folven. "Ua uhi mākou i ka ʻāina mua ma ka hōʻike ʻana hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā laʻana a nānā iā lākou me nā kukuna X," wahi āna. "ʻO ka hana aʻe e ʻike ai inā hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā laʻana o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa ai ka hōʻailona lawa mai kahi mea anti-ferromagnetic."
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-10-2021